Determining the Pharmacogenetic Basis of Non-responsiveness to the Sedative Effects of Dexmedetomidine in Children

Dexmedetomidine Clinical Trial

Official title:

Determining the Pharmacogenetic Basis of Non-responsiveness to the Sedative Effects of Dexmedetomidine in Children

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04471402
• Other study ID #: Precedex PG study
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: July 20, 2020
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: August 2021
• Source: Hong Kong Children's Hospital
• Contact: Vivian MY Yuen, M.D.
• Phone: +852 57413131
• Email: yuenmyv[@]ha.org.hk
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine is one of the sedative drugs of choice commonly used as an anxiolytic premedication for children for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. However, some children do not achieve the level of sedation expected with the usual dose after an expected timeframe, leading to distress and costly time wasted.

In this study, we would try to identify a genetic basis to non-responders of Dexmedetomidine by comparing a chosen gene panel of 250 relevant genes between responders and non-responders to a standardized 3mcg/kg intranasal Dexmedetomidine.

Description:

For most children, having to endure a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in a hospital environment is a frightening and distressing experience, especially if it is accompanied by pain or discomfort. In an attempt to minimise the trauma and to maximise co-operation from the child, administration of a sedative is often requested by either the parent or the proceduralist. Some sedative agents may have the side effect reducing the child's efforts in breathing, causing inadequate oxygen to be delivered to and carbon dioxide removed from the body, a state that can be life threatening if left untreated. Other sedative agents may cause unpleasant sensations such as hallucinations or nausea while still others may have a paradoxical effect of exciting rather than sedating the child. Among the available agents that may be administered without the presence of an attendant anaesthesiologist, dexmedetomidine is an agent of choice with minimal incidence of the aforementioned effects. However, we have observed in a small proportion of children that dexmedetomidine does not see to be able to elicit a sedative response in the expected time and with the usual dose. It is possible that there is a genetic bas to this resistance and it would be of great use to be able to predict the non-responders ahead of time so an appropriate alternative may be selected without a trial and error approach.

In this project, children who would require Precedex as first-line sedation for radiological or pre-anaesthesia sedation are asked to participate by providing a buccal swab sample and have their genome (genetic makeup) characterised by target sequencing. They are standardized into receiving 3mcg/kg intranasal Precedex and are observed every 5 minutes afterwards for their level of sedation. They would be identified as 'fast responder', 'normal responder', 'slow responder' and 'definite non-responder'.

A gene panel of 250 relevant genes is chosen and compared between the different groups of responders and non-responders. We will then try to look for the differences between these groups and we will use this information to build a predictive model. This model will help to identify non-responders in the future and this would allow clinicians to prepare for an alternative approach to sedation. This would save time, distress to the child and parent and ultimately cost to the institution.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 100
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 6 Months to 12 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children who would receive 3mcg/kg intranasal Precedex as a first line sedative agent for radiological procedures or for pre-anaesthesia sedation

• Written informed consent from parent or legal guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Precedex

• Pre-existing developmental delay

• Neurological impairment

• Autism

• Fever (temperature >/= 38.5c)

• Major organ dysfunction

• Cardiac arrhythmia

• Cardiac failure

• Subjects who would require a dose exceeding 100mcg if 3mcg/kg dose is achieved

• Subjects who have failed intranasal administration of Dexmedetomidine

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Dexmedetomidine
• Pharmacogenetic Study
• Procedural Anxiety

Intervention

Drug:
• Precedex
Intranasal Precedex 3mcg/kg

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Hong Kong	Hong Kong Children's Hospital	Hong Kong

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hong Kong Children's Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Hong Kong, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Sedative response to intranasal Precedex	Sedation response is recorded every 5 minutes after administration of Precedex until a satisfactory sedation level is reached. A satisfactory sedation level is defined as a UMSS of 3-4 (University of Michigan Sedation Scale) and allowing transfer to bed without waking up. Subjects are categorized into 'fast responder', 'normal responder', 'slow responder' and 'definite non-responder' based on the time required to achieve satisfactory level of sedation	Every 5 minutes till 30 minutes from administration of intranasal Precedex
Secondary	Onset time of sedation	The actual time required to reach a satisfactory sedation level after administration of intranasal Precedex	45 minutes from administration of intranasal Precedex
Secondary	Incidence of bradycardia	Defined as more than 20% reduction in heart rate from baseline or from the lower limit of published normal values for age, whichever is lower	2 hour from administration of intranasal Precedex or until administration of other sedative or anaesthetic drugs, whichever is shorter
Secondary	Incidence of hypotension	Defined as a systolic blood pressure more than 20% lower than the published normal values for age	2 hours from administration of intranasal Precedex, or until administration of other sedative or anaesthetic drugs, whichever is shorter
Secondary	Incidence of hypertension	Defined as a systolic blood pressure more than 20% higher than the published normal values for age	2 hours from administration of intranasal Precedex, or until administration of other sedative or anaesthetic drugs, whichever is shorter
Secondary	Incidence of hypoxia	Defined as a SpO2 < or equal to 93% or more than 5% decrease from baseline	2 hours from administration of intranasal Precedex, or until administration of other sedative or anaesthetic drugs, whichever is shorter
Secondary	Wake up time	Time to reach UMSS of 1 or below after completion of procedure	1 hour after completion of procedure
Secondary	Length of procedure	Length of procedure is recorded	3 hours