Inhaled Xylitol Versus Saline in Stable Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Trial

Official title:

Randomized Cross Over Study of Inhaled Hypertonic Xylitol Versus Hypertonic Saline in Stable Subjects With Cystic Fibrosis

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01355796
• Other study ID #: 201209728
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
• Start date: May 2011
• Est. completion date: February 2015

Study information

• Verified date: September 2018
• Source: University of Iowa
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial colonization and recurrent infection of the airways. Lowering the airway surface liquid (ASL) salt concentration has been shown to increase activity of salt sensitive antimicrobial peptides.

Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the ASL salt concentration, thus enhancing innate immunity.In this study, the investigators plan to study the safety and efficacy of 2 weeks of inhaled xylitol compared to 2 weeks of hypertonic saline in a randomized crossover design in stable subjects with cystic fibrosis

Description:

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial colonization and recurrent infection of the airways. Disruption of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels in subjects with CF results in altered fluid and electrolyte transport across the airway epithelium thereby initiating infections.

These infections eventually destroy the lungs and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with CF. It is well known that antibacterial activity of innate immune mediators such as lysozyme and beta defensins in human airway surface liquid (ASL) is salt-sensitive; an increase in salt concentration inhibits their activity.

Conversely, their activity is increased by low ionic strength. Lowering the ASL salt concentration and increasing the ASL volume might therefore potentiate innate immunity and therefore decrease or prevent airway infections in subjects with CF.

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar with low transepithelial permeability, which is poorly metabolized by bacteria can lower the salt concentration of both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF epithelia in vitro. Xylitol is an artificial sweetener that has been successfully used in chewing gums to prevent dental caries; it has been used as an oral sugar substitute without significant adverse effects. It has also been shown to decrease the incidence of acute otitis media by 20-40%; nasal application to normal human subjects was found to decrease colonization with coagulase negative staphylococcus. The investigators found that aerosolized iso-osmolar xylitol was safe in mice, healthy volunteers and stable subjects with CF when administered over a single day. In a recent study, the investigators observed that single doses of 10% followed by 15% xylitol was well tolerated by subjects with cystic fibrosis who were stable.

In this study, the investigators plan to study the safety and efficacy of 2 weeks of inhaled xylitol compared to 2 weeks of hypertonic saline in a randomized crossover design in stable subjects with cystic fibrosis

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: February 2015
• Est. primary completion date: February 2015
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 16 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Documented diagnosis of CF (medical record evidence of 2 identified CFTR(Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mutations or a positive sweat chloride test or nasal voltage difference, and 1 or more clinical findings of CF)

• Age 16 or greater

• FEV1>30% predicted

• Oxygen saturation > or equal too 90% on room air

• Clinically stable, without evidence of pulmona4ry exacerbation for at least 2 weeks prior to screening (defined as use of oral or intravenous antibiotics for cystic fibrosis exacerbation)

• Use of effective contraception in women

• Ability to provide written informed consent and assent

• Successful completion of the trial doses of study drugs

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy

• Hemoptysis more than 100 mL within the last 30 days

• Change in chronic medication within the last 30 days

• History of elevated serum creatinine (> than or equal to 2 mg/dl) within 30 days or at screening

• History of lung and other solid organ transplantation

• Wait-listed for lung or other solid organ transplant

• Known intolerance to inhaled hypertonic saline

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cystic Fibrosis
• Fibrosis

Intervention

Drug:
• Xylitol
Aerosolized 15% xylitol, 5 ml twice a day for 2 weeks
• Hypertonic saline
4 ml of 7 % saline aerosolized twice a day for 2 weeks

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Northwestern University	Chicago	Illinois

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Joseph Zabner	Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (15)

Bals R, Wang X, Wu Z, Freeman T, Bafna V, Zasloff M, Wilson JM. Human beta-defensin 2 is a salt-sensitive peptide antibiotic expressed in human lung. J Clin Invest. 1998 Sep 1;102(5):874-80. — View Citation

Durairaj L, Launspach J, Watt JL, Businga TR, Kline JN, Thorne PS, Zabner J. Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in mice and healthy volunteers. Respir Res. 2004 Sep 16;5:13. — View Citation

Durairaj L, Launspach J, Watt JL, Mohamad Z, Kline J, Zabner J. Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in subjects with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2007 Jan;6(1):31-4. Epub 2006 Jun 15. — View Citation

Durairaj L, Neelakantan S, Launspach J, Watt JL, Allaman MM, Kearney WR, Veng-Pedersen P, Zabner J. Bronchoscopic assessment of airway retention time of aerosolized xylitol. Respir Res. 2006 Feb 16;7:27. — View Citation

Goldman MJ, Anderson GM, Stolzenberg ED, Kari UP, Zasloff M, Wilson JM. Human beta-defensin-1 is a salt-sensitive antibiotic in lung that is inactivated in cystic fibrosis. Cell. 1997 Feb 21;88(4):553-60. — View Citation

Mäkinen KK, Bennett CA, Hujoel PP, Isokangas PJ, Isotupa KP, Pape HR Jr, Mäkinen PL. Xylitol chewing gums and caries rates: a 40-month cohort study. J Dent Res. 1995 Dec;74(12):1904-13. — View Citation

Mäkinen KK. Long-term tolerance of healthy human subjects to high amounts of xylitol and fructose: general and biochemical findings. Int Z Vitam Ernahrungsforsch Beih. 1976;15:92-104. Review. — View Citation

Marks JH, Hare KL, Saunders RA, Homnick DN. Pulmonary function and sputum production in patients with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study comparing the PercussiveTech HF device and standard chest physiotherapy. Chest. 2004 Apr;125(4):1507-11. — View Citation

Rowe SM, Miller S, Sorscher EJ. Cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 May 12;352(19):1992-2001. — View Citation

Singh PK, Jia HP, Wiles K, Hesselberth J, Liu L, Conway BA, Greenberg EP, Valore EV, Welsh MJ, Ganz T, Tack BF, McCray PB Jr. Production of beta-defensins by human airway epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):14961-6. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2569. — View Citation

Söderling E, Mäkinen KK, Chen CY, Pape HR Jr, Loesche W, Mäkinen PL. Effect of sorbitol, xylitol, and xylitol/sorbitol chewing gums on dental plaque. Caries Res. 1989;23(5):378-84. — View Citation

Travis SM, Conway BA, Zabner J, Smith JJ, Anderson NN, Singh PK, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ. Activity of abundant antimicrobials of the human airway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999 May;20(5):872-9. — View Citation

Uhari M, Kontiokari T, Koskela M, Niemelä M. Xylitol chewing gum in prevention of acute otitis media: double blind randomised trial. BMJ. 1996 Nov 9;313(7066):1180-4. — View Citation

Zabner J, Seiler MP, Launspach JL, Karp PH, Kearney WR, Look DC, Smith JJ, Welsh MJ. The osmolyte xylitol reduces the salt concentration of airway surface liquid and may enhance bacterial killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 10;97(21):11614-9. — View Citation

Zabner J, Smith JJ, Karp PH, Widdicombe JH, Welsh MJ. Loss of CFTR chloride channels alters salt absorption by cystic fibrosis airway epithelia in vitro. Mol Cell. 1998 Sep;2(3):397-403. — View Citation

* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in FEV1 % Predicted From Baseline	Change from baseline in FEV1(maximal amount of air you can forcefully exhale in one second) % predicted	Baseline and 14 days
Secondary	Sputum Density	Difference from baseline in density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization per gram of sputum,	baseline and 14 days