View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:In peritoneal dialysis patients, the presence of the catheter presents a risk of infection - exit site infection, tunnel infection or peritonitis. In our dialysis unit, we noticed a rise in exit-site infection associated with organisms derived from contaminated water. Therefore we decided to change the exit-site care in our unit. This is a prospective observational single center study, that compares exit-site infection rated in peritoneal dialysis patients before and after our policy change for exit-site care.
In this randomized controlled trial the investigators want to compare the effect of one-time rectal instillation of fecal microbiota transplantation, compared to a ten-day antibiotic course for the treatment of primary Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The investigators hypothetsize that the instillation of feces from a healthy donor will be non-inferior to vancomycin in inducing a durable cure.
Cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer and a leading cause of death among HIV-infected women living in resource-limited settings. Although screening for premalignant lesions is an effective way of reducing cervical cancer incidence, its uptake in low-resource settings to date is low. The use of HPV testing for primary screening is currently recommended by many guidelines - including the WHO guidelines for cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings - because of its greater sensitivity and ease of use compared to other options. However, these WHO guidelines have both highlighted the need to conduct more research on appropriate HPV-based algorithms among HIV-infected women, as immunodeficiency may affect the screening performance. Indeed, HPV infections in HIV-infected women are very common, so there is a need for additional triage to identify women most at risk and there remains considerable uncertainty on the optimal option for such triage. Most of the evidence available comes from HIV-negative populations living in high-resource settings and is not necessarily relevant for low-resource contexts where the epidemiological background is different, women access late to screening and may not have follow up visits, where financial constraints are important and health service resources limited. Hence, the proposed project aims to provide evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of HPV-based screening algorithms among HIV-infected women in low-resource settings. This multicenter cross-sectional study will include 3,000 HIV-infected women (30-49 years old) receiving HAART and followed in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and Phnom Penh (Cambodia). After self-collection of cervico-vaginal samples, each participant will have an HPV test with partial genotyping primary using the Xpert HPV assay, a real-time PCR assay that provides the possibility of identifying 14 HR-HPV types within one hour. The Xpert HPV test has been chosen because of the wide availability of the Genexpert platform in HIV care centers from resource-limited settings. Furthermore, it can specifically detect HPV-16, 18 and 45, the most carcinogenic HPV types in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women, separately from other high-risk HPV types. VIA will be another triage option either alone or combined to HPV DNA genotyping. In addition, participants treated for cervical lesion will be followed over 12 months to assess the risk of post-treatment lesions (CIN2+/HSIL) and to identify associated risk-factors.
This study aims to develop new assays for synovial fluid analysis able to improve diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections. In particular, use of synovial calprotectin as marker of infection, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis and methods to assess antimicrobial susceptibility will be evaluated in synovial fluids collected from patients with septic and aseptic failure of the prosthetic implant.
Background: The disease Lassa fever mostly affects people in Western Africa. It is very similar to other diseases that cause fever, like malaria and yellow fever. People get Lassa fever from mice infected with Lassa virus. It can also be spread from body fluids of people with the disease. Researchers want to learn more about this virus in Mali so they can develop better tools to diagnose and prevent it. Objective: To find out how many people in certain areas of southern Mali have ever had Lassa fever and count how many people get the disease every year. Eligibility: People ages 6 months to 99 years who live in certain areas of Mali Design: Women who are could become pregnant will have a urine pregnancy test at each visit. Participants will be asked questions about their age, if they have ever had a fever, and if they have ever seen mice in or around their home. This will take about 20 minutes. Participants will give a blood sample using a needle in a vein in the arm. Young children will give it by pricking a finger or heel with a needle. Patients with a fever illness will have a medical history and physical exam. They will give blood and nasal swabs 3 times over 21 days. Participants may be asked to come back 1 time each year for up to 3 more years to take another sample of blood and answer more questions.
Implant infections are among the most dramatic complications in orthopaedic surgery with heavy impact on life quality and health system. Their diagnosis is still challenging since, till now, none othe proposed markers has shown a sensitivity and a specificity of100%. Therefore, efforts in identification of new markers of infections are required. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of Interleukin (IL)-6, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1), CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9), osteopontin (OPN), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-RA), IL-6 receptor beta (GP130), C5a, receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), urokinases and presepsin as serum markers of prosthetic joint infection. At this purpose, serum from 65 patients with infected implant and from 65 with aseptic failure of their prosthesis will be collected before surgery and after 2 and 7 days from revision.
Silver nanoparticles are one of most nanoparticles use nowadays in the research area because it has specific physical and chemical properties, in medical fields silver nanoparticles can involve in diagnostic and treatment processes. Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, cosmetics, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, the drug carrier, imaging, water treatment, and biosensing effects. Silver nanoparticles prepared with reducing agent tri-sodium citrate then incorporated in a topical cream to obtain a significant inhibition of the bacterial strains, inhibition of growth of bacterial strains in the face or other parts in the bodies.
This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study to determine the effectiveness of Mirasol-treated fresh whole blood (FWB) versus Standard-issue FWB for preventing transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The incidence of pre-defined viral, bacterial, or parasitic TTIs in previously negative participants will be assessed by changes in laboratory findings at multiple time points over the course of the clinical trial.
The purpose of this study is to learn more about both HIV-1 infection and advancing age, and their association with increased risk of serious infection and impaired response to the Prevnar 13 vaccine.
This is a randomized, active-controlled, open-label study to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Afabicin in the treatment of participants with bone or joint infection due to Staphylococcus aureus [both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)] and/or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and to compare it to standard of care (SOC).