View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:A Phase III trial to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of PTK 0796 in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI).
The present study is a retrospective cohort study on patients who suffered a nosocomial infection in major hospitals in Vietnam. Data relating to patient demography include age, gender; medical history; APACHE II score; background conditions, infection details and antimicrobial therapy; and all-caused mortality, time of hospitalization and intensive care. The investigators hypothesis is that antimicrobial treatment inappropriate is highly dependent on incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli and ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae spp. Variables are demographic characteristics, background conditions, immunosuppressive therapy, antimicrobial susceptibility and inappropriate treatment is explored as possible predictors of mortality.
The reduction with antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV RNA in blood, and HIV RNA in infected cells and in viruses associated with the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network in lymphatic tissues, typically follows a two-phase pattern of decline. The half-life of the first-phase is about 1 day and that of the second phase is about 14 days, with comparable estimates for first-phase decay in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. While substantial evidence supports the current view that first-phase decay reflects the death of activated CD4+ T cells infected before ART was begun, the sources of viral RNA in the second phase have not as yet been conclusively established. Possible sources of viral RNA that have been invoked in mathematical models, or for which there is experimental evidence, include longer-lived infected cells such as macrophages and resting CD4+ T cells, dissociation of virus from the FDC network, and productively infected CD4+ T cells that are not subject to clearance by host immune responses because of waning levels of HIV antigen. Raltegravir (MK-0518) belongs to a new class of integrase inhibitors that potently suppress HIV and SIV replication, and reportedly markedly alters the second phase HIV decline in a way that challenges the current view that longer-lived infected cells are the source of virus in this phase. While mathematical modeling of decay of HIV RNA in blood was most consistent with 1) cells newly infected by long-lived cells, or 2) from activation of latently infected cells with full-length unintegrated HIV DNA as a source of second phase virus, we think the data are also quite consistent with the greater efficacy of integrase inhibitors in a particular cell type and/or anatomic site such as the gut. In this protocol we will test the hypothesis that the rapid decrease in HIV replication associated with raltegravir is due to a more complete suppression of viral replication in lymphatic compartments such as lymph nodes and gastrointestinal lymphatic tissue. We will also investigate compartment-specific intracellular levels of raltegravir to potentially explain differences in changes in these compartments.
This study is a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, fully blinded, clinical trial of twice daily oral valacyclovir 500mg versus placebo with the goal of delaying the need for initiating HAART among HIV infected individuals who neither use nor require HAART, and who have not used chronic suppressive anti-HSV therapy for at least the 6 months prior to study initiation.
The objectives of the study were: 1. To study risk factors for colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria among patients with severe IAI before and after antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. 2. To study species changes in the rectal flora among patients with severe IAI before and after antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. 3. To review guidelines for antibiotic use in participating units. 4. To evaluate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment in relation to risk for colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria among patients with severe IAI 5. To use the results from the study in the process of a more appropriate use of antibiotics in participating units and care of patients with severe IAI. 6. To study the dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing and wild-type Enterobacteriaceae in patients with suspected severe intra abdominal infections before, during and after antibiotic treatment.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of T helper 17 cells (Th17) in the pathogenesis of MRSA infections.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is commonly used for long term enteral feeding of patients with severe dysphagia. The most common complication is peristomal wound infection. The possible mechanism the bacterial from the oral cavity disseminate during the PEG insertion through the stomach to the abdominal wall, in spite the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis, have reported low rates of wound infection in patients who were already receiving antibiotics at the time of PEG Our hypothesis that washing the oral cavity with antibiotic solution prior the insertion PEG , We planned a prospective, randomised, double blind, one centre study of antibiotic mouth wash solution (0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate) as.prophylaxis in PEG
Purpose: This is a pilot study to evaluate HIV viremia and persistence in acutely HIV infected antiretroviral naïve patients treated with Darunavir/ritonavir and Etravirine Participants: 20 participants, age 18 and older, HIV infected, antiretroviral naïve patients Procedures (methods): ARV treatment with Darunavir/ritonavir and Etravirine, Optional studies: Genital secretion samples, Cerebrospinal fluid samples, Leukapheresis, Endoscopy/colonoscopy
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of ABT-333 (also known as dasabuvir) in treatment-naïve, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected participants.
The purpose of this study is to test if sexual health interventions can reduce the incidence of STIs among African American teens (15 to 21 years old). By doing this study, we hope to help African American teens improve their condom use skills and encourage them to use condoms more frequently. If the number of STIs in this population can be decreased, the health of African American teen males will greatly improve. We also believe that sexual partners (typically African American teen females) will also benefit.