View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Primary objective: To describe the evolution of cerebral lesions in IE patients (number of patients with abnormal cerebral MRI in acute phase of IE and during follow-up).
This study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and antiviral efficacy of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed-dose combination (FDC) for 12 or 24 weeks in adults with chronic genotype 1 or genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have had a kidney transplant.
With aging of the general population and broadening indications, the number of pacemaker recipients is steadily increasing. The incidence of infections of the implanted material, a dreaded major complication, is also rising. The diagnosis is evident in presence of an abscessed pocket, cutaneous breakthrough of the pulse generator or vegetations attached to the lead. On the other hand, a proportion of patients present with less specific clinical manifestations and a pacemaker recipient may be recurrently hospitalized for an infectious disorder of unknown origin despite detailed investigations. Without proof of lead infection, removal of the system without confirmation of its infection is usually proposed, despite the known morbidity and mortality associated with the extraction procedure (0.5 to 2%). Positive culture of the leads implies that the leads were involved in the infectious process. In recent years, 18FDG-PET-CT scan has made promising contributions in different areas including imaging to detect infection at different organ sites. Absence of hyperfixation of the lead, identified by 18FDG-PET/CT scan may be an accurate sign of absence of pacing system infection. The extraction of intracardiac implanted material, when it is indicated by the current standard strategy, may result in negative bacteriological cultures in 10 to 25% of patients, even when they did not receive antibiotics before extraction. The hypothesis of the study is that a new strategy adding 18FDG-PET-CT to the current strategy may avoid or reduce these false-positives. Therefore it is hypothesized that the sensitivity of 18FDG-PET-CT will be high enough to avoid unnecessary extractions of uninfected leads, resulting in a high negative predictive value of the new diagnostic strategy incorporating 18FDG-PET-CT. The present study aims at providing valid estimates of diagnostic accuracy parameters of 18FDG-PET-CT, especially its sensitivity. For this clinical study, firstly, 18FDG-PET-CT exam will be performed in patients, with suspicion of pacing or defibrillation lead infection, hospitalized in cardiology unit; secondarily, an intervention for the extraction of the intra-cardiac material, under general anesthesia, will be practiced and then a bacteriological culture for extracted material will be required. The end of study visit is complete the last day of material extraction. The follow up will last 2 to 7 days.
The purpose of this study is to assess the serologic and cell-mediated immune response to licensed live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children 5-17 years old. The effects of prior infection and or prior season vaccination will be examined. Children will be followed during the influenza season to identify laboratory-confirmed influenza (i.e. vaccine failure).
Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes for the increase of antibiotic resistance strains. In Denmark general practice accounts for 90% of all prescribed antibiotics and one of the most common reasons for prescribing antibiotics is the suspicion of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The use of point-of-care test is meant to decrease the uncertainty about the bacterial origin of the symptoms; however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the validity of the different diagnostic approaches, thus impacting on the proper use of antibiotics. Objective: To assess the diagnostic validity of different diagnostic approaches in patients with a suspected urinary tract infection and assess the impact on appropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: 70 practices at the capital region will consecutively include 15-20 patients. The inclusion criteria of the patients comprise: a) Suspected Urinary tract infection, b) > 18 years of age, c) patient consulting during office hours. Data at patient and GP level will be gathered. 16 diagnostic approaches will be compared and proper use of antibiotics will be assessed as a two-step process. The first step is the decision made during the consultation and the second step is the decision made after the consultation. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values will be measure for each diagnostic approach using urine culture as a gold standard. The impact on proper use of antibiotics will be assessed in a hierarchical multivariable logistic model.
The primary objective of the PK Lead-in Phase of the study is to evaluate the steady state pharmacokinetics (PK) and confirm the dose of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed dose combination (FDC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected pediatric participants. The PK Lead-in Phase will also evaluate the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of 10 days of dosing of LDV/SOF FDC in HCV-infected pediatric participants. The Treatment Phase will be initiated by age cohort after confirmation of age-appropriate LDV/SOF FDC dosage levels. Participants from the PK Lead-in Phase will immediately rollover into the Treatment Phase with no interruption of study drug administration. The primary objective of the Treatment Phase is to evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of LDV/SOF FDC +/- ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 24 weeks in pediatric participants with HCV. During screening, participants will receive placebo to match LDV/SOF FDC to assess ability to swallow tablets.
BioFire Diagnostics, LLC (BioFire) has developed the FilmArray Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel, a rapid, easy to use PCR-based in vitro diagnostic test for the identification of 22 common microorganisms responsible for infectious gastroenteritis (http://filmarray.com/the-panels/) from a stool specimen collected in Cary Blair enteric transport media. The test was made available for sale in the US and EU following FDA clearance and CE marking in May, 2014. The FilmArray GI Panel offers improvements over conventional laboratory testing which include: reduced turnaround time from specimen to result, reduced laboratory labor costs, increased sensitivity and specificity relative to current clinical reference methods, and larger breadth of organism identification than is available using standard methods. Because of these attributes, the results from this test have the potential to enable clinicians to more accurately diagnose and treat GI illness in a reduced time frame. Collaborators at the University of Utah, Brown University/Lifespan, and BioFire Diagnostics have designed a study to evaluate health outcomes of pediatric subjects presenting to emergency departments with GI illness before and after establishing the FilmArray GI Panel as the standard of care method for stool pathogen analysis. It is hypothesized that the rapid (~ 1 hour turnaround time), sensitive, specific, and comprehensive results provided by the FilmArray GI Panel will allow clinicians to more rapidly diagnose GI illness, initiate appropriate therapy and provide guidance when compared to the pre-implementation period.
The purpose of this "before-after" prospective multicenter study is to assess the impact of six Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) on Doctor Patient Communication scale (DPC) and adherence scale for common acute illnesses in emergency ward.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the second most common infection in the body. UTIs account for five percent of all visits to primary care physicians. Many women who have had a UTI will develop recurring urinary tract infections. Recent studies suggest that some women who suffer from recurrent UTIs have urinary tracts that allow bacteria to adhere to it more readily than others. Women who suffered from bladder inflammation and recurrent UTIs were noted to have reduced UTIs and bladder inflammation with heparin bladder instillations. Heparin is a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan and stored within the secretory granules of mast cells and released only into the vasculature at sites of tissue injury. It has been proposed that, in addition to anticoagulation, the main purpose of heparin is defense at such sites against invading bacteria and other foreign materials. The central question the research is intended to answer is does Heparin bladder instillations decrease UTI rates in patients.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and its effect over the secreting immunoglobulin A in the feces with the use of probiotics of the strain Lactobacillus acidophilus boucardii vs. Multispecies in premature newborns weighting less than 1500 g.