View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Abdominal closure with antibacterial-coated sutures has been shown to reduce wound infections after a number of surgical procedures, but none of the previous trials included cesarean delivery. Our objective is to determine whether use of antibacterial-coated sutures reduces surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean delivery.
Maternal infections affect the basal immune status of neonates. One of the possible mechanism is the fetomaternal microchimerism, in which some cells and active substances are exchanged bi-directionally between maternal and fetal circulation through placenta. Even in the absence of a direct (vertical) transmission of pathogens to fetuses, certain infections make the neonates more prone to allergies and some adverse events of early vaccinations. We postulate that the basal immune status of neonates born to HIV and LTBI infected mothers is primed by gestational exposure to immunological active molecules, which could results in an altered response to early BCG vaccination. Transcripts expression identified by RNA sequencing are compared between sets of mother-child and their respective umbilical cord blood, and between groups of infected and non-infected pairs.
Primary Efficacy Objective -To assess whether a 12-week treatment course with oral 50 mg elbasvir plus 100 mg grazoprevir given in a single daily dose to treatment-naïve patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and infected with genotype 4 (GT4) chronic HCV (CHC) infection can produce a sustained viral response (SVR), i.e. HCV RNA below the lower limit of quantification [LLOQ] for 12 weeks (SVR12) after completion of the study treatment course Secondary Objectives - To assess the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in suppressing HCV viremia in treatment-naïve GT4 CHC patients at each scheduled visit and clinically meaningful endpoints (Week 2, 8 and 12 [End of Treatment - EOT]) and 24 (SVR12) - To assess the safety and tolerability of a 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment-naïve patients with ESRD and infected with GT4 CHC. - To assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness (Fibroscan®) in the same patients before treatment and EOT and SVR12 Clinical hypotheses. Primary Efficacy Hypothesis - A 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment-naïve patients with ESRD and infected with GT4 CHC infection will result in an HCV RNA below the LLOQ in 95% of patients within 2 weeks of treatment, and at least 95% will have an SVR12. Secondary hypotheses - A 12-week treatment course with elbasvir/grazoprevir in ESRD GT4 treatment-naïve patients will result in undetectable viremia in 95% patients at Week 2, 4, 8 and 12 (EOT) and 24 (SVR12) - Treatment will be safe and well-tolerated in these patients, as determined by the type and number of adverse events identified through laboratory testing, vital signs and physical examinations. - In these patients with liver fibrosis before treatment, the liver fibrosis as assessed by non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness (Fibroscan®) will improve by EOT and SVR12
This study is designed to collect data from 8,476 fracture patients during a pre-and post-intervention phases of two years length each. The intervention consists on the implementation of the AOT SSI Prevention Bundle. D
Background: Ionic silver-containing dressing has been proven as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent to reduce inflammation of wounds and promote healing. However, surgical incisions are usually dressed with conventional gauze dressing in colorectal surgery. Objective: To compare the effectiveness in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) by using conventional gauze dressing and occlusive ionic silver-containing dressing. Methods: This is a single-blind two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial on occlusive ionic silver-containing dressing conducted in Surgery Department of Princess Margaret Hospital. Two hundred patients who undergo emergency or elective abdominal colorectal surgery will be recruited and randomly assigned to have the surgical incisional wound dressed with conventional gauze dressing or occlusive ionic silver-containing dressing. Subjects will be assessed for SSI on day 3, 15 and 30 after operation in a clinical visit followed by phone interviews.
Catheter related infections (CRIs) were found to be associated with several risk factors, including patient related risk factors such as age, gender, clinical status and catheter related risk factors such as the vascular access location, dwelling time, catheter type and number of lumens. In addition to the inserted solution type and the experience of the professional who performs the procedure ,These factors constitute important strategic points for actions to compare the infectious complications of peripheral versus central venous catheters in critically ill patients.
The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of oral MK-5172 (a fixed dose combination [FDC] tablet containing elbasvir [EBR] 50 mg and grazoprevir [GZR] 100 mg) and EBR/GZR (varying doses) pediatric granules in pediatric hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected participants who are 3 to <18 years of age. Within each age cohort (Cohort 1: 12 to <18 years of age; Cohort 2: 7 to <12 years of age; and Cohort 3: 3 to <7 years of age), a Mini Cohort of 7 participants will be enrolled first. For the oldest cohort (Cohort 1), the Mini Cohort will assess ability to swallow a placebo tablet prior to administering active FDC tablets; participants in Cohorts 2 and 3 will take pediatric granules instead of a tablet.
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious problem in Switzerland which is associated with the exposure and overall uptake of antibiotics in a population. Reduced antibiotic prescribing for outpatients is paralleled by a decrease in antibiotic resistance rates. In a recent pragmatic trial, the investigators found only promising yet not very conclusive results as those were present only in some groups. This nationwide antibiotic stewardship program with routine feedback on antibiotic prescribing was not associated with an overall change in antibiotic use. In older children, adolescents, and younger adults fewer antibiotics were prescribed, but not consistently over the entire intervention period. Hence, the investigators now aim to evaluate a better-tailored program to obtain a better understanding of the effects on patient-relevant outcomes, antibiotic resistance, and the underlying mechanisms leading to different effects in certain subgroups of patients. The investigators plan to evaluate a nationwide antibiotic stewardship program combining routine prescription feedback with the provision of physician and patient education material for primary care physicians in Switzerland. The project is conducted within the framework of the National Program on antimicrobial resistance by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Also, additional subprojects will be done where we will assess the impact of COVID-19 on AB prescription by comparing the years 2017,2018, and 2019 with the year 2020 data.
Pilot study the aim of which is to obtain reliable data on the tolerance, compliance and efficacy of Tedizolid used as prolonged (≥ 6 weeks) monotherapy or in combination therapy for the treatment of patients with orthopedic device infections due to Gram positive cocci.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether LYS228 can be developed for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections