View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the transmission of respiratory diseases and the correct wearing of masks, as well as the factors affecting the correct wearing of masks. The research is beneficial to the prevention of respiratory diseases and moves the barrier of prevention and control forward. It is of great significance to COVID-19 's practical prevention and control.
In sub-Saharan Africa, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a frequent cause of bloodstream infection, display high levels of antibiotic resistance and have a high case fatality rate (15%). In Kisantu hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), NTS account for 75% of bloodstream infection in children and many children are co-infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria. NTS bloodstream infection presents as a non-specific severe febrile illness, which challenges early diagnosis and, as a consequence, prompt and appropriate antibiotic treatment.Moreover, at the first level of care, frontline health workers have limited expertise and diagnostic skills and, as a consequence, clinical danger signs that indicate serious bacterial infections are often overlooked. Basic handheld diagnostic instruments and point-of-care tests can help to reliably detect danger signs and improve triage, referral and the start of antibiotics, but there is need for field implementation and adoption to low-resource settings. Further, it is known that some clinical signs and symptoms are frequent in NTS bloodstream infections. The integration of these clinical signs and symptoms in a clinical decision support model can facilitate the diagnosis of NTS bloodstream infections and target antibiotic treatment. The investigators aim to develop such a clinical decision support model based on data from children under five years old admitted to Kisantu district referral hospital in the Democratic republic of the Congo. While developing the model, the investigators will focus on the signs and symptoms that can differentiate NTS bloodstream infection from severe Pf malaria and on the clinical danger signs that can be assessed by handheld diagnostic instruments and point-of-care tests. The deliverable will be a clinical decision support model ready to integrate in an electronic decision support system.
The purpose of this epidemiologic study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at-risk, exposed, affected populations. The study will also estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in target population.
In the past ten years, nucleic acid detection technology has overcome the limitations of serological detection, reduced missed detections due to window period, occult infection, etc., and its application in the field of pathogen detection has developed rapidly. Since 2015, domestic blood collection and supply institutions have fully popularized nucleic acid testing. The safety screening of blood sources mostly adopts the method of combining two times of enzyme-free negative and one time of nucleic acid testing, which excludes the guarantee of blood safety to the greatest extent. At present, the clinical pre-transfusion and pre-operative infectious disease screening in our country is still serological detection. The use of nucleic acid detection for infectious disease screening can better realize the significance of patients' pre-transfusion/pre-operative infectious disease screening. Therefore, this study will analyze the nucleic acid detection technology and clinical serological detection technology in order to solve three problems: - Explore the best detection strategy for patients with pre-transfusion/pre-operative infectious disease screening; ② Explore the confirmation process of the gray area results of infectious disease serological testing; ③ Better realize the significance of screening for patients' infectious diseases.
Many ambulatory networks are mainly based on diagnoses made by first-line physicians not specifically trained to join the network. Here we aim to set up a surveillance network on pediatric infectious diseases with an investment in teaching with specific trainings of participating pediatricians, increasing in use of point of care tests, and automated data extraction from the computers of the pediatricians.
Study of COVID-19 seroprevalence in precarious population living in shelters of Samusocial de Paris and in staff working in these centers during COVID-19 epidemic.
Coronavirus infection, also known as COVID-19, has become a global pandemic with over 3 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide. Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to a family of viruses that predominately infect mammals and birds, affecting their lungs, intestinal tract, liver and nervous systems. Prior to the discovery of the current novel coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2), there were six different strains that are known to infect humans, which includes the virus that caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2002. In humans, the majority of severe illness from SARs and COVID-19 is due to inflammation of the lungs and pneumonia. Pregnancy poses a significantly increased risk of viral pneumonia and during SARS more pregnant women required intensive care and breathing support, and the proportion of deaths was higher when compared to non-pregnant adults. Furthermore, kidney failure and development of abnormal blood clotting disorders, which occurs during severe infection, is more common in pregnancy and the associated changes in blood vessels extend to the placentas of infected pregnant women, thus potentially affecting the fetus. This makes pregnant women affected by the virus at high risk of developing severe complications. Fortunately, there have been a number of biomarkers identified that are associated with illness severity. These include, specialised white blood cells, blood clotting cells and constituents, as well as other measures of heart and kidney function. We propose that these biomarkers are important correlates of clinical disease severity and prognosis in pregnant and postnatal women. This knowledge has the potential to help clinicians during this pandemic to better manage and care for their patients.
The objective of the study is to determine the percentage of past SARS-CoV-2 infections in hospital health personnel involved in the care of people with COVID-19 in HUGTiP and in Badalona Serveis Assistencials de Badalona.
An external tunneled central venous access device (CVAD) is a small plastic tube that is tunneled under the skin into a major vein for long-term use (Figure 1). Patients who require a tunneled CVAD are some of the sickest patients we encounter and include oncology, hematology, and gastrointestinal (intestinal failure) patients. These patients are heavily reliant on their tunneled CVAD, which can be a lifeline for long-term administration of chemotherapeutics, IV medications, blood product transfusions, antibiotics, enteral nutrition, blood draws and fluids. Unfortunately, nearly 30% of pediatric external tunneled CVADs fail prior to the completion of treatment. External tunneled CVAD failures lead to unnecessary morbidity and mortality, interruption of medical therapy, and the added costs and risks associated with additional procedural complications. It is hypothesized that a newly designed securement method for external tunneled central venous access devices (CVAD) will reduce catheter-related complications and increase patient, parent and provider satisfaction, compared to the current standard of care, which is a clear transparent film dressing over the catheter exit site. A 20 patient, prospective clinical trial is proposed to address the following specific aims, which will determine if the securement device: 1. Is rated by patients, parents and providers as easy to apply and comfortable for users 2. Reduces CVAD-related complications, such as delayed healing of the tract, catheter-related infections, and episodes of catheter dislodgement 3. Improves the quality of life for patients and their parents 4. Is preferred over the standard, clear transparent dressing alone 5. Requires any design modifications to improve performance and/or comfort of the device
The efficacy of the current standard triple therapy is at an unacceptably low level. Resistance to antibiotics is suspected to be the major cause of the low efficacy of standard triple therapy. Point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene are known to be the primary mechanism of clarithromycin resistance against H pylori. Recently, a point mutation detection kit using a dual-priming oligonucleotide (DPO)-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was introduced and made commercially available. The primary goal of our study was to compare the eradication rates of empirical therapy and tailored therapy. Specifically we examined the eradication rates of 7-d, 14-d empirical therapy with 7-d, 14-d tailored therapy. Our secondary goal was to examine the adverse events of each treatment, cost effectiveness of each treatment methods, and accuracy of DPO-PCR for detecting H. pylori resistance.