Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Self-reported coping and problem solving |
Coping and problem solving will be measured by the Health Problem-Solving Scale (HPSS). The HPSS assesses effective and ineffective approaches to managing health-related problems. It has been used with diverse samples, including with samples from HIV and DM. Internal reliability coefficients were comparable in the two samples (HIV and Diabetes) and were within an acceptable psychometric range 0.63-0.88. Scale items range from 0 (not at all true for me) to 4 (extremely true of me). Higher scores indicate greater health problem solving. The total score will be represented by a mean value so the range of the total score is also 0-4. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported self-efficacy |
Self-efficacy will be measured by the Self-Efficacy for Chronic Illness Management scale, a 6-item measure that assesses confidence in one's ability to manage \ symptoms, function emotionally and instrumentally, and communicate effectively with physicians. Internal consistency is reported to be .91. Scale items range from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). Higher scores indicate greater reported self-efficacy in managing one's chronic illness. The total score will be represented by a mean value so the range of the total score is also 0-10. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported hope |
Hope will be measured by the Hope Scale, a 12-item measure that assesses a) agency (goal-directed determination) and b) pathways (planning ways to meet goals). Item ratings range from 1 (definitely false) to 8 (definitely true) with higher scores indicating more hope. Subscales and total scores will be represented by means so the range is also 1 to 8. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported social support |
Social support will be assessed using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL). This 40-item instrument measures perceived availability of four types of support-tangible support, appraisal support, self-esteem support, and belonging support. Item ratings are 0 (false) or 1 (true), with higher scores indicating more social support. Subscales and total scores will be represented by means, accounting for missing data, so the range is also 0 to 1. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported sense of community |
Sense of community will be measured by the Community Connections Index, a 15-item measure grounded in social capital and community capacity theories organized into two dimensions of community connections - Community engagement (8 items) and Sense of community (7 items). Item ratings range from 1 (never) to 4 (often), with higher scores indicating more community connection. The total score will be represented by a mean value so the range is also 0 to 4. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported empowerment |
Empowerment will be measured the Empowerment Scale, which measures the construct of personal empowerment from the person's perspective. Internal consistency for the Empowerment scale as a whole has been reported, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients = 0.86 will be used to measure empowerment. Subscales include self-esteem/self-efficacy, power, community activism and autonomy, optimism and control over the future, and righteous anger. Item responses range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating more empowerment. Subscales and total scores will be represented by a mean value, accounting for missing data, so their range is also 1-4. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported patient activation |
Patient activation will be assessed via the Short Form version of the Patient Activation Measure (13 items). Cronbach's alpha = -.83. Item ratings range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with higher scores indicating more activation. The total score will be represented by a mean value accounting for missing data, so the range is also 1-5. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported health literacy |
Health Literacy will be measured by the reading comprehension section of the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA), which was designed to measure the ability to read and understand things patients commonly encounter in the healthcare setting. The reading comprehension section asks respondents to read two passages about medical care and answer 20 questions in which they choose the correct missing word(s) from the sentences. Total scores range from 0-100, with 5 points given for each question correctly answered. Scores from 0-50 indicate inadequate health literacy, scores from 51-65 indicate marginal health literacy, and scores from 66-100 indicate adequate health literacy. |
21 months |
|
Primary |
Self-reported barriers and facilitators to healthcare |
Barriers and Facilitators of Healthcare will be assessed via the Peer Health Navigator Toolbox Barriers and Facilitators Measure. Internal consistency is estimated at .69. Scores range from 2 (major barrier) to 0 (not at all a barrier); 2 (helps a lot) to 0 (does not help), with higher scores indicating greater barrier or facilitator. Individual barriers and facilitators will be analyzed separately. Also, separate scores will be calculated for total barriers and total facilitators as mean scores, accounting for missing data, and will range from 0 to 2. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported illness self management |
Illness self-management will be assessed using the Coping and Stress Reduction subscales of the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH-29). The scale was designed specifically for people with chronic conditions, and has been used with cancer patients, patients with end stage renal disease, stroke survivors, and women with AIDS. The measure asks about how confident a person is in using different techniques to reduce stress and cope with their illness. Item ratings range from 1 (very little confidence) to 5 (quite a lot of confidence), with higher scores indicating more confidence. Subscale scores and total scores will be represented by mean scores, accounting for missing data, and will also range from 1 to 5. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported engagement in healthcare |
Engagement in healthcare will be assessed via the Patient Health Engagement Measure. Items ask about how emotionally overwhelmed patients get when dealing with their illness. Item ratings range from 1 (very upset/discouraged) or 4 (very positive/optimistic) with higher scores indicating more positive feelings. Total scores will be represented by a mean score and will also range from 1 to 4. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Number of preventive care/screenings conducted |
Number of preventive care/screenings conducted will be collected via electronic health records. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Number of outpatient visits |
Number of outpatient visits will be collected via electronic health records. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Diastolic blood pressure level |
Diastolic blood pressure will be measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury) and collected from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Systolic blood pressure level |
Systolic blood pressure will be measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury) and collected from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
hgA1c level |
Glycated haemoglobin (hgA1c) levels will be measured in mmol/mol units and collected from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Triglyceride level |
Triglyceride levels will be measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and collected from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level |
HDL levels will be measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and obtained from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels |
LDL levels will be measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and obtained from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Body mass index (BMI) level |
BMI levels will be measured in kilograms per square meter (kg/m2) and collected from the participant's electronic medical record. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported psychiatric symptoms |
Psychiatric symptoms will be assessed through multiple subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. We will collect subscales related to the symptoms we expect will be affected by Harambee: Anxiety, Depression, Psychoticism, Paranoia, Somatization, Hostility, Interpersonal sensitivity, and Obsessive-compulsiveness. Internal consistency of the subscales is high (range .77-.90). Item scores range from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported substance use |
Substance use will be assessed using the Addiction Severity Index. The ASI is a structured interview for evaluating the degree of potential treatment barriers across domains typically affected by alcohol and drug use disorders, including psychiatric and social considerations. For the purposes of this investigation, we will limit administration to the alcohol and drug use subscales. The alcohol and drug subscales concern the frequency and severity of use in the past 30 days. The ASI has been rigorously assessed within similar client populations and shown to demonstrate high reliability for assessing alcohol and drug use and its consequences, Cronbach alpha = 0.65-0.89. Item ratings range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported quality of functioning |
Functional status will be assessed by the Quality of Well-being scale (QWB-SA), a common health related quality of life measuring health utilities. Most scores are coded 0 (no) or 1 (yes). Overall, the QWB-SA includes five parts assessing physical and mental health symptoms (chronic and acute), self-care, mobility, physical functioning, and social activities. In all, the domain scores are combined into a single index score ranging from 0.09 (lowest possible health state) to 1 for perfect health. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Self-reported overall wellness |
Overall Wellness will be measured by the 8 Dimensions of Wellness Measure. This measure assesses the extent to which respondents engage in behaviors that promote physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, emotional, financial, social, and occupational wellness. Item ratings range from 4 (always true) to 1 (never true), with higher scores indicating greater wellness. Subscale and total scores are represented by mean scores, accounting for missing data, and have the same range of 1 to 4. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Number of Emergency Department visits |
Number of Emergency Department visits will be collected via electronic health records. |
21 months |
|
Secondary |
Number of Hospitalizations |
Number of Hospitalizations will be collected via electronic health records. |
21 months |
|