Music as Intervention Nursing in Ambulances

Cardiovascular Diseases Clinical Trial

Official title:

"Effects of Music Intervention Nursing in Advanced Life Support Ambulances: a Randomised Trial"

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05399927
• Other study ID #: 23UMH
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 2015
• Est. completion date: October 2016

Study information

• Verified date: December 2022
• Source: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Background: Patients with acute cardiovascular disease require out-of-hospital care during the most critical and vulnerable periods of their illness.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of music intervention in patients with an acute cardiovascular condition during their transfer in Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances.

Method: A controlled, randomized experimental analytical study of cases and controls. The intervention group was exposed to relaxing music with sounds from nature. Data related to demographic factors, comorbidities, clinical constants, and drugs administered were gathered. The qualitative variables were summarized using counts and percentages, and the quantitative variables through means and standard deviations.

Description:

Out-of-hospital Emergency Services are characterized by providing urgent health care, to patients in critical health circumstances, at the place where the event occurs. This fact means that the Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances are present when the patient presents a higher degree of stress and, therefore, where greater changes can be found at the physiological level. This is reflected in alterations in the vital signs, which a can increase the pathophysiological effects, as the patient is placed in a hostile and unfamiliar environment, such as the ambulance cabin, surrounded by noises produced by the electromedical equipment and the circumstances of the transport itself (sirens, potholes, speed bumps, …).

In a cabin with these characteristics, the patient may feel claustrophobic, an effect that can be enhanced by the limitation of movement generated by the anchoring of the seat belts to the stretcher and the lack of family support.

The implementation of ALS is relatively young, hence research in this emerging field, has been scarce in scientific production in the discipline of emergencies compared with other specialties in Spain Data were collected with regard to demographic data (age and gender), medical diagnosis, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), partial oxygen saturation (SpO2), the concentration of carbon dioxide at the end of exhalation (EtCO2), the pain perceived by means of the visual analog scale (VAS), the bispectral index (BIS) and the temperature (T) every 15 minutes during the transfer.

Data related to administered drugs were also collected, grouped into: antiarrhythmics, antiemetics and opioids. In order to facilitate the collection and recording of data, the nursing report of Castilla La Mancha's Management of Emergencies and Medical Transport (GUETS) has been used, to which the parameters that are not usually collected are routinely added, such as the BIS and EtCO2. For the measurement of vital signs, a manual defibrillator of the Zoll® E-series brand was used. Temperature was recorded with a WelchAllyn brand Sure Temp® PLUS thermometer, the ambient temperature was maintained at around 22-23ºC for comfort. Hypnosis and pain level data were obtained with the BIS VISTA ™ Monitoring System.

The music system used was a BTS dynamic mini speaker, model MS109. The decibels were measured in the passenger cabin during the transfer, being in a range of 48.6 - 59.5 dB reaching a maximum of 73.1 dB when driving over a speed bump, and a maximum of 77.7 dB when putting on the sirens. Consequently, the volume was adjusted between 65-70 dB, to mask the usual sounds of the cabin.

The qualitative variables have been summarized using counts and percentages. The mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the quantitative variables. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to verify the hypothesis of normality. Depending on the test result, a parametric test (t test for two independent samples) or a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test) was used. For qualitative variables, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used according to the fulfillment of the approximation conditions. An adjusted multivariate logistic regression model was used to try to characterize the patients in each of the groups considered. For its construction, those variables that presented a p-value <0.10 in the univariate study have been considered. The ODDS Ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated. To validate the model, the Hosmer and Lemeshow (HL) goodness of fit test was performed. Nagelkerke's R2 coefficient was used to estimate the proportion of the explained variance. The precision of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS v25 statistical package.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 41
• Est. completion date: October 2016
• Est. primary completion date: October 2016
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• be of legal age,

• being aware and oriented in time-space,

• person with signs and symptoms of ACVD transferred in an ALS ambulance for at least 20 minutes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with non-physiological bradycardia,

• patients with severe sensory auditory deficiency,

• patients with psychiatric pathology.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Critical Care
• Emergencies
• Music Therapy

Intervention

Other:
• Music Intervention
The objective of this study is to observe the effects that music produces on physiological parameters, in patients with Acute Cardiovascular Disease (ACVD), and to determine its influence on the types or doses of drugs administered during initial care. The intervention study is carried out in the ambulance cabin during the time of transfer to the destination Hospital.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche

References & Publications (13)

Bradt J, Dileo C, Potvin N. Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 28;2013(12):CD006577. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006577.pub3. — View Citation

Chang HK, Peng TC, Wang JH, Lai HL. Psychophysiological responses to sedative music in patients awaiting cardiac catheterization examination: a randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2011 Sep-Oct;26(5):E11-8. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e3181fb711b. — View Citation

do Amaral MA, Neto MG, de Queiroz JG, Martins-Filho PR, Saquetto MB, Oliveira Carvalho V. Effect of music therapy on blood pressure of individuals with hypertension: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jul 1;214:461-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.197. Epub 2016 Apr 3. — View Citation

Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Vecchi C, Licandro D, Raina G, Pisani C, Burgio V, Farruggio S, Rolla R, Deantonio L, Grossini E, Krengli M, Zeppegno P. Outcomes of music therapy interventions in cancer patients-A review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019 Jun;138:241-254. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.004. Epub 2019 Apr 5. — View Citation

Heidari S, Babaii A, Abbasinia M, Shamali M, Abbasi M, Rezaei M. The Effect of Music on Anxiety and Cardiovascular Indices in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec;4(4):e31157. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal31157. Epub 2015 Dec 1. — View Citation

Hole J, Hirsch M, Ball E, Meads C. Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2015 Oct 24;386(10004):1659-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60169-6. Epub 2015 Aug 12. Erratum In: Lancet. 2015 Oct 24;386(10004):1630. — View Citation

Kuhlmann AYR, de Rooij A, Kroese LF, van Dijk M, Hunink MGM, Jeekel J. Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. Br J Surg. 2018 Jun;105(7):773-783. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10853. Epub 2018 Apr 17. — View Citation

Liang Z, Ren D, Choi J, Happ MB, Hravnak M, Hoffman LA. Music intervention during daily weaning trials-A 6 day prospective randomized crossover trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016 Dec;29:72-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.09.003. Epub 2016 Sep 15. — View Citation

Maeyama A, Kodaka M, Miyao H. [Effect of the music-therapy under spinal anesthesia]. Masui. 2009 Jun;58(6):684-91. Japanese. — View Citation

McClurkin SL, Smith CD. The Duration of Self-Selected Music Needed to Reduce Preoperative Anxiety. J Perianesth Nurs. 2016 Jun;31(3):196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.05.017. Epub 2016 Feb 24. — View Citation

Ng MY, Karimzad Y, Menezes RJ, Wintersperger BJ, Li Q, Forero J, Paul NS, Nguyen ET. Randomized controlled trial of relaxation music to reduce heart rate in patients undergoing cardiac CT. Eur Radiol. 2016 Oct;26(10):3635-42. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4215-8. Epub 2016 Jan 27. — View Citation

Sanjuan Navais M, Via Clavero G, Vazquez Guillamet B, Moreno Duran AM, Martinez Estalella G. [Effect of music on anxiety and pain in patients with mechanical ventilation]. Enferm Intensiva. 2013 Apr-Jun;24(2):63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.enfi.2012.11.003. Epub 2013 Jan 5. Spanish. — View Citation

Tam WW, Lo KK, Hui DS. The effect of music during bronchoscopy: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung. 2016 Mar-Apr;45(2):86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.12.004. Epub 2016 Jan 4. — View Citation

* Note: There are 13 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	SBP	Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	20 minutes
Primary	DBP	Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	20 minutes
Primary	HR	Heart Rate (beats per minute)	20 minutes
Primary	RR	Respiratory Rate (breaths per minute)	20 minutes
Primary	SpO2	Oxigen Saturation (%)	20 minutes
Primary	EtCO2	Exhaled Carbon Dioxide (%)	20 minutes
Primary	VAS	Visual Analog Scale (0 to 10): 0 no pain; 1-2 slight pain; 3-4 mild pain; 5-6 moderate pain; 7-8 severe pain and 10 horrible pain.	20 minutes
Primary	BIS	Bispectral Index (0 to 100) :0 flat-line EEG; 0-40 Deep hypnotic state; 41-60 anesthesia range; 61-90 sedation range; 91-100 awake.	20 minutes
Secondary	Nitrates/Antiarrhythmics	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Opioids	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Antiemetics	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Benzodiazepines	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Tenecteplase	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Enoxoparin	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Furosemide	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours
Secondary	Ranitidine	drugs administered transfer (Yes/No)	up to 4 hours