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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT03257085
Other study ID # CALIBER
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received August 14, 2017
Last updated March 7, 2018
Start date March 9, 2017
Est. completion date December 8, 2017

Study information

Verified date March 2018
Source Liverpool John Moores University
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Pilot study to compare the impact of following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet versus following a high-carbohydrates, moderate-fat diet (UK dietary guidelines) on cardiometabolic risk markers and associated behaviours in a normal-weight and overweight adult population.


Description:

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), are globally amongst the highest contributors to morbidity and mortality with high (cost) implications to the overall economy and health care systems. A number of risk markers have been associated with CMDs, including blood serum markers, low levels of lean mass and high levels of body fat, including increased waist circumference. Dietary factors and nutritional status have long been linked with specific markers of cardiometabolic (CM) risk. The quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrates has been associated with increased serum triglycerides levels, increased body fat mass, increased waist circumference and visceral fat around the organs in particular. They also seem to increase food cravings. Whilst official dietary guidelines in the UK and elsewhere still recommend a high carbohydrate and low fat diet as standard, these recommendations have increasingly been challenged. Evidence has been mounting that very-low carbohydrate (ketogenic) and low carbohydrate diets can ameliorate CM risk factors, especially when a personalised rather than a one-size-fits-all approach is being taken. Response to carbohydrate load and adherence to dietary interventions can vary widely dependent on individual substrate and energy metabolism and insulin-resistant status.

The majority of dietary interventions with ketogenic and low-carbohydrate diets has focused on weight loss as the primary outcome in overweight and obese individuals. However, in recent years evidence has been mounting that the location and quality of adipose tissue (AT) play a more important role in manifestation of CM risk than quantity of AT alone. Detrimental health behaviours, such as low-quality diet and low levels of physical activity seem to be important contributors to this.

Further studies can provide vital insights into the links between diet, location-specific adipose tissue, CM risk factors and health-related behaviours.

Therefore this 8-weeks randomised pilot study will investigate the impact of either following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet versus following a high-carbohydrates, moderate-fat diet (UK dietary guidelines) on cardiometabolic risk markers and associated behaviours in a normal-weight and overweight adult population aged 19 - 64 at potential risk of CMD.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 15
Est. completion date December 8, 2017
Est. primary completion date December 8, 2017
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender All
Age group 19 Years to 64 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria cohort 1:

1. BMI 18.5 - 29.9kg/m2

2. Aged 19 - 64

3. White-Caucasian

4. Score of =4 from a combination of risk markers, including

- Fasting glucose concentration >5.5mmol/L = 3 points

- Waist >102cm or 40 inches = 2 points (males)

- Waist >94 cm or 37 inches = 1 point (males)

- Waist >88cm or 34inches = 2 points (females)

- Waist >80 cm or 31 inches = 1 point (females)

- Systolic blood pressure>130mmHg = 1 point

- Diastolic BP >85mmHg = 1 point

- HDL cholesterol concentration <1.0mmol/L = 2 points

- Serum triglyceride concentration >1.3mmol/L = 1 point.

Exclusion Criteria cohort 1:

1. Smoker

2. Vegetarian or vegan

3. Suffering from food allergies or intolerances

4. Drinking alcohol above recommended UK government guidelines

5. Previous diagnosis of CM disease

6. Taking lipid-lowering medication

7. Taking blood pressure-lowering medication

8. Taking blood glucose-lowering medication

9. Taking dietary supplements

10. Suffering from an eating disorder

11. Current or previous renal impairment

Inclusion Criteria cohort 2:

1. BMI 18.5 - 29.9kg/m2

2. Aged 19 - 64

3. White-Caucasian

Exclusion Criteria cohort 2:

1. Smoker

2. Vegetarian or vegan

3. Suffering from food allergies or intolerances

4. Drinking alcohol above recommended UK government guidelines

5. Previous diagnosis of CM disease

6. Taking lipid-lowering medication

7. Taking blood pressure-lowering medication

8. Taking blood glucose-lowering medication

9. Taking dietary supplements

10. Suffering from an eating disorder

11. Current or previous renal impairment

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Other:
Low-carbohydrate, high-fat
Participants following low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 8 weeks.
High-carbohydrate, moderate-fat
Participants following high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet (UK dietary guidelines) for 8 weeks.

Locations

Country Name City State
United Kingdom Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool Merseyside

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool Hope University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Serum lipid profile Total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol, small-dense LDL-C and triglycerides measured in mmol/L 8 weeks
Primary Blood glucose Measured in mmol/L 8 weeks
Primary Systolic and diastolic blood pressure Measured in mmHg 8 weeks
Primary Inflammatory markers, such as CRP Measured in mg/L 8 weeks
Primary Adiponectin Measured in µg/mL 8 weeks
Primary Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Measured in pg/mL 8 weeks
Primary Tumor necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin 6 Measured in µg/mL 8 weeks
Primary Body composition - Bioelectrical impedance Lean mass, fat mass and adipose tissue location and distribution 8 weeks
Primary Body composition - Anthropometrics Waist, hip, neck, thigh and calf circumference measured in cm 8 weeks
Secondary Clinical traditional and emerging markers of dietary intake Fibroblast growth factor 21 and serum metabolites 8 weeks
Secondary Food cravings Measured via self-reported questionnaire 8 weeks
Secondary Satiety Assessed via serum leptin levels (ng/mL) 8 weeks
Secondary Cognition Assessed via self-reported questionnaire 8 weeks
Secondary Impact on physical activity patterns Assessed via accelerometry 8 weeks
Secondary Adherence to assigned diet Measured via 4-day food diaries 8 weeks
Secondary Adherence to dietary guidelines Measured via diet quality score assessment 8 weeks
Secondary Adherence to low-carbohydrate diet Measured via blood ketones (mmol/L) 8 weeks
Secondary Adherence to fibre recommendations Measured via structured questionnaires 8 weeks
Secondary Adherence to taking dietary supplement for low-carbohydrate, high-fat group Measured via counting of number of multi-vitamin and mineral supplements consumed 8 weeks
Secondary Experience with either low-carbohydrate, high-fat or high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet Assessed via semi-structured interview 8 weeks
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