View clinical trials related to Cardiac Surgery.
Filter by:Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) represent the leading cause of death in France. Their incidence is increasing due to population aging and to the persistence of cardiovascular risk factors. Currently, revascularization surgery remains outside the emergency treatment, because early performed, it tends to lead to extension and hemorrhage of the infarcted area, because of the CPB, aortic clamping, cardioplegia, and other heart manipulation. However, CABG are indicated as an emergency in some situations of STEMI: Threat of infarction of an extended territory without favorable anatomy to angioplasty, anatomy not favorable to angioplasty associated with cardiogenic shock or persistent ischemia, acute complications of myocardial infarction (massive mitral insufficiency, interventricular communication, parietal rupture) requiring surgery under CPB with concomitant bypass surgery or failure of angioplasty (proximal coronary dissection). Operative mortality is high; 15 to 20% for patients operated 12 to 48 hours after AMI and 4-5% for those operated after 48 hours. Nevertheless, it seems legitimate to study if there would be a place for primary surgical revascularization in case of patient with hemodynamically stable ACS, in order to limit myocardial ischemia, spread of necrosis, to limit the risk of recurrence, and the consequences of low cardiac output. Performing a complete early surgical revascularization could limit the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome and anticipate the occurrence of cardiogenic shock.
Background and Significance A growing amount of evidence linking transfusion of allogeneic blood products with negative patient outcomes and increased cost continues to drive interest into strategies and technologies that limit patient exposure to this risk. The single largest consumer of this resource continues to be cardiac surgery, with 20% of the world wide use of allogeneic blood products accounted for by this cohort. The lysine analogs tranexamic acid (TXA) has gained wide spread use in cardiac surgery as a blood-sparing agent. Mounted evidence has proved its efficacy and safety in cardiac surgery. However, the optimal dose regimen of TXA and the impact on patients' outcomes remains debated. Study Objectives The primary objective of the study is to analyze the primary efficacy (superiority) and primary safety (non-inferiority) of the two dose regimen of tranexamic acid.. The primary efficacy endpoint includes perioperative allogeneic transfusion rate, and the primary safety endpoint includes the 30-day rate of the composite of perioperative renal dysfunction, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, seizure, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and all-cause mortality. The secondary objectives are to demonstrate the efficacy of the two dose regimens in reducing perioperative allogeneic transfusion volume, postoperative bleeding (chest tube drainage), reoperation rate, mechanic ventilation duration, ICU stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization cost. Study Endpoints The primary endpoints include efficacy and safety. The primary efficacy endpoint includes perioperative allogeneic transfusion rate, and the primary safety endpoint includes the 30-day rate of the composite of perioperative renal dysfunction, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, seizure, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and all-cause mortality. The key secondary endpoints of the study are defined as perioperative allogeneic transfusion volume, postoperative bleeding (chest tube drainage), reoperation rate, mechanic ventilation duration, ICU stay, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization cost. Study Population Adult patients aged 18-70 years undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are included. Totally 3008 patients will be required for this study (1504 in each of the 2 groups). Study Design The study is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind trial. Cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass will be randomised to Dosage 1 regimen group or Dosage 2 regimen group of tranexamic acid. Study Treatment The dosage regimen is implemented with dose of loading (intravenous infusion in 20 mins), maintenance (throughout the surgery), and pump prime (added into the bypass machine). The Dosage 2 regimen contains an intravenous bolus of 10 mg/kg after anesthetic induction followed by an intravenous maintenance of 2 mg/kg/h throughout the surgery, and a pump prime dose 1 mg/kg. As for the Dosage 1 regimen, the intravenous bolus and the maintenance are 30 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg/h respectively, and a pump prime dose 2 mg/kg. Patients, surgeons and research staff interviewing patients postoperatively will be blind to treatment allocation. Statistical Considerations The study hypothesis is that the Dosage 1 regimen of tranexamic acid is superiority to the Dosage 2 regimen in the primary efficacy endpoint, while at the same time, the Dosage 1 regimen is non-inferiority to the Dosage 2 regimen in the primary safety endpoint in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The sample size calculation is mainly based on the blood transfusion rate, and 30-day rate of the composite of perioperative renal dysfunction, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, seizure, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and all-cause mortality. For the primary efficacy endpoint, a sample size estimate of 1,214 randomized subjects (607 for each group) has 90% power to detect a 12.5% reduction (61.7% vs 70.5% between Dosage 1 regimen and Dosage 2 regimen ), by means of a single-sided α = 0.025 Chi-square test. For the primary safety endpoint, a sample size estimate of 2,698 randomized subjects (1349 for each group) has 90% power to detect a noninferiority margin for the difference of 5%, by means of a single-sided α = 0.025 log rank test. In order to conduct an interim analysis, the sample size in each group is 1504(10% drop-out rate) for the adjusted significance level (from 0.025 to 0.0245 in accordance with α spending function by Lan-DeMets Method). Finally, the investigators decided to enroll 3008 study patients (1:1 ratio) for the OPTIMAL trial.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent and important complication to cardiac surgery. This study will evaluate the diagnostic ability of ultrasonographic measures of blood flow in kidneys and liver in predicting AKI after cardiac surgery.
In recent years, improvement of medical treatments leads to the effect, that 90% of children originally born with congenital heart disease (CHD) are reaching adulthood. Mortality rates have significantly decreased in the last decades. However several studies have shown that with multiple consequences have to face the survivors. Eg. neuronal and psychological injuries during the perioperative period. After all, the surgical interventions that save their lives might result in psychological and behavioral deviations and increased morbidity, which is strongly worsening the quality of life, learning abilities and behavioral development of these patients. Not yet available any clinical guidelines for managing or screening these patients for designing intervention, taking corrective actions. The investigators wish to identify those perioperative factors that might affect the well-being, coping, the behavior alteration and psychosocial status of children, who underwent open chest cardiac interventions in early ages. The investigators also wish to understand the long-term changes of the illness-representation of this population and to see its effect for the wellbeing and coping.
Although cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery (CPBS) is a routine procedure worldwide, patient morbidity and mortality are still high due to postoperative negative complications.Inflammatory response and systemic oxidative stress have been reported to be directly related to this practice.Mechanisms explaining this condition have been described as being related to several events that occur during the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPBS), where blood is exposed to non-physiological surfaces, surgical trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, and changes in body temperature.In addition, CPB induces atelectasis and affects the structure of the bronchoalveolar tree.Prolongation of atelectasis may facilitate proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages.One of the most damaging consequences of all these events is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals originating from various cellular and enzymatic sources such as myocardial cells, activated neutrophils.ROS has toxic effects on cellular structures including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.Oxidative reaction damages cellular function and may increase perioperative or postoperative complications after CPBS.Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) reflect the redox balance between oxidation and antioxidation.TAS measurement is an indication of the activity of all antioxidants and TOS is an indicator of ROS.OSI is a measure of the ratio of TOS to TAS and the level of Oxidative Stress (OS).The contribution of various mechanisms to oxidant-antioxidant balance during on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCABG) has not yet been fully evaluated. The investigator's aim in this study is to investigate the effect of lung protective mechanism (Tidal Volum, PEEP) on oxidative stress parameters such as TAS, TOS, Thiol / Disulphide, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, MDA (Melanil Dialdehyde) in cardio pulmonary bypass surgery
Pulmonary complications are frequent in cardiac surgery, representing an important cause of morbidity, prolongation of hospital stay and need for repeated examinations.Chest X-rays are done routinely and even multiple times to detect such complications.Lung ultrasonography is an alternative test to detect pulmonary complications that can be done easily on bedside. Regularly done Chest X-ray exposes patient to ionizing radiation which can be reduced with ultrasonography. Lung ultrasound is gaining popularity in recent years as a non-invasive,radiation-free tool for the diagnosis of various acute and chronic pulmonary diseases due to its bedside convenience, accuracy, and free of radiation.There is increasing evidence to support the use of Lung ultrasound in acute care setting and post-cardiac surgical patients are also considered critically ill. The purpose of this study is to compare diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound in comparison to chest X-ray to detect pulmonary complication after cardiac surgery in children.
This study aims to estimate the incidence of adverse events during physiotherapy at intensive care unit (ICU) in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to identify predictors of those events. This is a prospective cohort study, and the investigators observed all types of physiotherapy interventions in patients admitted at surgical ICU.
Evaluation of the benefit effects of Peri-Operative analgesia by Continuous Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane block(ESP) for Open Cardiac Surgery: A case series prospective study with a comparison a retrospective case series (Before and after)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cardiac surgery. The diagnosis is based on the criteria defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification: oliguria and elevation of serum creatinine. However, oliguria is not specific of AKI and elevation of serum creatinine is too late. Therefore, new methods have been developed to earlier assess the risk of AKI. Among those methods, it has been shown that the increase of urinary dosage, in the hours following the surgery, of two proteins (Tissue Inhibitor of Metallo-Protease 2 (TIMP2) and Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7)) is associated with an increased risk of occurrence of AKI in patients hospitalized in intensive care unit. The Nephrocheck® test combines the urinary dosage of those two proteins TIMP2 and IGFBP7. Insofar as post-surgery low cardiac output is one curable cause of AKI, the early detection of early kidney risk allows corrective measures to stabilize hemodynamic state and thus to reduce the risk of AKI.
The aim of this study is to compare the sedation effects between remifentanil and dexmedetomidine in post-cardiac surgical patients who developed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) intolerance.