The Effect of the SNS-Based Feeding on Transition to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants

Breastfeeding Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of the Supplemental Nursing System-Based Feeding on Time to Transition to Exclusive Breastfeeding, Sucking Success, and Discharge Time: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Preterm Infants

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05815706
• Other study ID #: 2018-1/20
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 20, 2018
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: April 2023
• Source: Istanbul Medeniyet University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study investigated the effect of the Supplemental Nursing System (SNS)-based feeding on the time to transition to exclusive breastfeeding, sucking success, and the time to discharge in preterm infants

Description:

Nutrition is a critical problem in preterm infants. They should initially be enterally fed because they have poor sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination. Once a preterm infant develops that coordination, enteral feeding should be discontinued immediately. Then, the preterm should switch to oral feeding (breastmilk). However, preterm infants are not good at sucking because they get tired too quickly, have poor sucking skills, and lack enough experience. Therefore, we must use alternative supplemental feeding methods (bottle, spoon, dropper, cup, breastfeeding support system, and finger feeding) until preterm infants mature enough to meet their daily nutritional needs by breastfeeding alone (exclusive breastfeeding). The Supplemental Nursing System (SNS) is an alternative supplemental feeding method that supports the development of sucking skills while providing the preterm infant's nutritional needs. This study investigated the effect of the Supplemental Nursing System (SNS)-based feeding on the time to transition to exclusive breastfeeding, sucking success, and the time to discharge in preterm infants.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 72
• Est. completion date: April 30, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: April 30, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 30 Weeks to 34 Weeks

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• being between the gestational ages of 30 to 34 weeks
• having a birthweight of =1000 g
• having an APGAR score of >6
• having stabilized for 48 hours after receiving mechanical ventilator or continuous positive air pressure or both
• being exclusively gavage-fed with breast and/or formula and ready to switch to oral feeding
• being willing to breastfeed

Exclusion Criteria:

• having a congenital malformation that may cause asphyxia and affect breathing
• having an intraventricular hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, or periventricular leukomalacia
• having intestinal anomalies or hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion
• having respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or other chronic lung diseases.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Breastfeeding
• Premature Birth
• Preterm Infant
• Sucking Behavior

Intervention

Device:
• MEDELA Supplemental nursing system
The experimental group participants were fed based on the MEDELA Supplemental Nursing System, which consists of a syringe/container and a feeding catheter. One end of the feeding probe is in the syringe/container, while the other is fixed to the mother's nipple through a plaster. MEDELA SNS is a sterile product with an adjustable breast milk flow system and neck strap. It is bisphenol A (BPA) free. All its parts are in direct contact with breast milk. This system allows the baby to both suck and feed (MEDELA Supplemental Nursing System, 2018).

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Istanbul Medeniyet University	Istanbul	Kadiköy

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Istanbul Medeniyet University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (5)

Calikusu Incekar M, Caglar S, Kaya Narter F, Tercan Tarakci E, Ozpinar E, Demirci Ecevit E. An alternative supplemental feeding method for preterm infants: the supplemental feeding tube device. Turk J Med Sci. 2021 Aug 30;51(4):2087-2094. doi: 10.3906/sag — View Citation

Celik F, Sen S, Karayagiz Muslu G. Effects of Oral Stimulation and Supplemental Nursing System on the Transition Time to Full Breast of Mother and Sucking Success in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Jun;31(5):891-900. do — View Citation

Kaya V, Aytekin A. Effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2017 Jul;26(13-14):2055-2063. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13617. Epub 2017 Mar 21. — View Citation

Penny F, Judge M, Brownell E, McGrath JM. What Is the Evidence for Use of a Supplemental Feeding Tube Device as an Alternative Supplemental Feeding Method for Breastfed Infants? Adv Neonatal Care. 2018 Feb;18(1):31-37. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000446. — View Citation

Penny F, Judge M, Brownell EA, McGrath JM. International Board Certified Lactation Consultants' Practices Regarding Supplemental Feeding Methods for Breastfed Infants. J Hum Lact. 2019 Nov;35(4):683-694. doi: 10.1177/0890334419835744. Epub 2019 Apr 19. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The time to transition to oral feeding (hours)	It was measured when the preterm infant swiched from gavage feeding to oral feeding.	up to three weeks
Primary	Time to discharge (hours)	It was measured at discharge	up to 2 months
Primary	The sucking success (First measurement)	The sucking success was assessed using the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. The tool was developed by Jensen et al. (1994) and adapted to Turkish by Yenal and Okumus (2003). It consists of five evaluation criteria: L (Latch on breast), how well the infant latches onto the breast; A (Audible swallowing), the amount of audible swallowing noted; T (Type of nipple), the mother's nipple type; C (Comfort, breast/nipple), the mother's level of comfort in relation to the nipple; and H (Hold/Help), the amount of help the mother needs to hold her infant to the breast. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 to 2. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with high scores indicating successful sucking.	at the beginning of the study, up to three weeks
Primary	The sucking success (Second measurement)	The sucking success was assessed using the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. The tool was developed by Jensen et al. (1994) and adapted to Turkish by Yenal and Okumus (2003). It consists of five evaluation criteria: L (Latch on breast), how well the infant latches onto the breast; A (Audible swallowing), the amount of audible swallowing noted; T (Type of nipple), the mother's nipple type; C (Comfort, breast/nipple), the mother's level of comfort in relation to the nipple; and H (Hold/Help), the amount of help the mother needs to hold her infant to the breast. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 to 2. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with high scores indicating successful sucking.	48 hours after the second measurement of sucking success
Primary	The sucking success (Last measurement)	The sucking success was assessed using the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. The tool was developed by Jensen et al. (1994) and adapted to Turkish by Yenal and Okumus (2003). It consists of five evaluation criteria: L (Latch on breast), how well the infant latches onto the breast; A (Audible swallowing), the amount of audible swallowing noted; T (Type of nipple), the mother's nipple type; C (Comfort, breast/nipple), the mother's level of comfort in relation to the nipple; and H (Hold/Help), the amount of help the mother needs to hold her infant to the breast. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 to 2. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with high scores indicating successful sucking.	through study completion, an average of 2 months
Primary	The time to transition to exclusive breastfeeding (hours)	It was measured when the preterm infant transitioned to exclusive breastfeeding	up to two weeks