Cerebellar tDCS in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Trial

Official title:

Biologic Effects and Efficacy of Cerebellar tDCS in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04446442
• Other study ID #: UTSW 022017-071
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 4, 2019
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: December 2023
• Source: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
• Contact: Peter Tsai, MD, PhD
• Phone: 214-648-3577
• Email: peter.tsai[@]utsouthwestern.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this research study is to investigate whether tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is safe and to examine its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, such as repetitive behaviors and hyperactivity.

Description:

The study will be randomized, double-blind, and controlled. It will involve a group of 60 children with ASD (diagnosed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) by a research-reliable clinician) coming in for an orientation day, where participants will be acclimated to the testing environment, as well as undergo safety screening, and a mock MRI. The investigators will recruit from a sample of children diagnosed with ASD (The diagnosis must be made by experienced, research reliable clinicians using gold standard measures including the Autism Diagnostic Observation schedule Second Edition Study, or ADOS-2 and a diagnostic and developmental parent interview). The investigators will request this information from the institution where the diagnosis was given with parent/caregiver permission. Diagnostic information will be reviewed by the study neuropsychologist, and if additional testing is needed to update or confirm the diagnosis, the investigators will administer an ADOS-2 here at UTSW prior to other baseline measures. If diagnostic information from a previous CADD clinic visit or an outside institution by a research reliable clinician is current, the investigators will accept it.

Participants will complete in a variety of tasks during a pre-treatment visit. In addition, baseline behavioral measurements will be performed. These tests include an abbreviated measure of cognitive ability using the Stanford Binet-Fifth Edition, interpretation of facial expressions, memory for faces, reading the mind in the eyes, triangle animations, cyberball /social ball throwing, dimensional card change sort, and caregiver-completed behavioral scale including the Autsim Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS). Participants will also be asked about their mood before, during, and after treatment. Participants will then be randomly assigned into either a sham treatment group or an active treatment group. The next time the participants come in, participants vitals will be monitored in addition to eye monitoring and will undergo either 1 mA for 20 minutes of anodal or cathodal tDCS administration to Right Crus I/II area of the cerebellum or sham treatment. Participants will undergo fMRI imaging prior, during, and after anodal or cathodal tDCS. After the scans, testing will be repeated and include interpretation of facial expression, memory for faces, reading the mind in the eyes, triangle animations, theory of mind, cyberball/social ball throwing, and dimensional card change sort. At the end of the visit parents/guardians/participants will receive a safety questionnaire asking about the presence and severity of the possible side effects. The participants will then follow up in 1 week with the safety questionnaire and at 1 month with the safety questionnaire and the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale.

Study Procedures:

Investigators, including those involved in questionnaire and behavioral scales administration and fMRI scanning/interpreting will be blinded to which treatment group participants are in. Staff members in charge of applying tDCS will be aware of what treatment group the participant is in but will not be involved in analysis of data to ensure blinding of results. As far as the tDCS procedure goes, the device consists of a programmable current source with a rechargeable battery with two wires connected to electrodes in fabric pads. The device cannot be plugged into an outlet while the electrodes are connected, ensuring safety. tDCS pads are moistened with 0.9% normal saline and placed on the participant's scalp using elastic bands. During stimulation, the electrodes will apply 1 mA of constant DC electrical current. Current will be increased over 10-60 seconds. The current will be applied for no more than 20 minutes, after which the current is decreased over 10-60 seconds. In sham tDCS, the current is increased and then immediately decreased to provide sensations associated with tDCS (mild tingling or itching, which blinds the participant).

Testing will take place before (on orientation day) and after tDCS. Baseline testing includes an ADOS-2 if deemed necessary, an abbreviated cognitive measure, interpretation of facial expressions, memory for faces, reading the mind in the eyes, triangle animations, cyberball /social ball throwing, dimensional card change sort, and caregiver-completed behavioral scale including the Autsim Spectrum Rating Scale.. Testing immediately after tDCS includes only the following: interpretation of facial expressions, memory for faces, reading the mind in the eyes, triangle animations, theory of mind, cyberball/social ball throwing, and dimensional card change sort.

Participants with ASD will come in on designated orientation days and be assigned an alphanumeric identifier to ensure confidentiality. An initial safety screening will be done to ensure no exclusion criteria are met. Participants will then be randomly split into either a sham group or a treatment group. Baseline testing will be completed. Participants will then be allowed to explore and become acclimated with study equipment, and a mock MRI will be done on the first visit at the UTSW Advanced Imaging Research Center (AIRC).

Participants will be desensitized to the sounds and tactile sensations of the fMRI environment while in a space similar to that of the scanner bore. Participants will practice remaining still within the mock MRI while viewing a movie, and biofeedback is used to train participants to keep their movement <1mm during practice periods of 10 minutes. Participants should be able to complete all of the screening in one visit. If participants cannot due to time constraints participants will be brought back in on a different day to complete the screening visit.

The next time participants return, participants will be hooked up to vitals and eye movement monitoring and will be placed in the fMRI machine so the "before" scanning can begin. After this "before" scan, tDCS electrodes will be applied and participants will again be placed in the fMRI machine for the "during" scan. As soon as scanning begins, tDCS (either sham or treatment of 1 mA for 20 minutes of anodal tDCS administration to the Right Crus I/II area of the cerebellum) will begin as well. During tDCS treatment caregivers will receive a safety questionnaire for them to assess any side effects occurring in their child. After this scan, the tDCS electrode will be removed, and a final "after" fMRI scan will take place. The safety questionnaire will be given after tDCS at the end of the visit and behavioral tests are complete.The time estimated for all of this is about 90-180 minutes.

The Safety Questionnaire will be assessed again with follow-up visits 1 week and 1 month afterwards using the same caregiver-completed scales.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 4 Years to 17 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 4-17 years old

• Diagnosed with ASD and ADOS-2

• IQ Score no less than 70 (1.5 Standard Deviations below the mean)

• Language Level (Speech consists of, at minimum, flexible, spontaneous, simple, sentences)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Brain implants, metal implants, pacemakers, or biomedical devices

• Diagnosis of epilepsy

• Hearing or visual impairments

• History of brain injury

• Known brain abnormalities not associated with ASD

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Autistic Disorder
• Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

Intervention

Device:
• tDCS
A current of 1 mA will be administered for 20 minutes of with either anodal or cathodal tDCS administration to the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Children's Medical Center	Dallas	Texas
United States	University of Texas Southwestern	Dallas	Texas

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	United States Department of Defense

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Incidence of tDCS associated side effects assessed by tDCS Safety Assessment	Observe whether tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is safe and easily tolerated using a tDCS Safety Assessment	Post-Intervention up to one month
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by NEPSY-2 Subtests	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, related to social behavior and cognition. The NEPSY-2 subtests include: Memory for Faces, Theory of Mind, and Affect Recognition. The NEPSY-2 subtests are designed to assess abilities related to memory, learning, and social perception.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 hour
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by Reading the Mind in the Eyes	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, related to social behavior and cognition. This will be assessed by Reading the Mind in the Eyes, a measure of complex mental state recognition.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 hour
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by Triangle Animations/Social Perception Task	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, related to social behavior and cognition. The Triangle Animations/ Social Perception Task assesses Theory of Mind mental functions such as belief and intention.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 hour
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by Cyberball/Social Ball Throwing Task	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, related to social behavior. The Cyberball/Social Ball Throwing Task assesses engagement in social interaction.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 hour
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by Dimensional Change Card Sort	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, related to cognition. The Dimensional Change Card Sort is a measure of cognitive flexibility, also known as task switching or set shifting.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 hour
Secondary	Change in Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms assessed by Autism Spectrum Rating Scale	Observe tDCS to the cerebellum (specifically, the right crus I/II area of the cerebellum) of children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and its effects on some of the symptoms of ASD, such as repetitive behaviors and hyperactivity. The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) is a nationally-standardized, norm-referenced checklist designed to identify symptoms, behaviors, and associated features of Autism Spectrum Disorders in children and adolescents. Using a five-point Likert rating scale (1- Never, 2- Rarely, 3- Occasionally, 4- Frequently, 5- Very Frequently), parents/caregivers are asked to evaluate how often they observed specific behaviors in the child or adolescent in areas such as socialization, communication, unusual behaviors, behavioral rigidity, sensory sensitivity, and self-regulation.	Pre-Intervention at 1 week and Post-Intervention at 1 week and 1 month