Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Change from baseline performance on Stroop test (Neuropsychological test) after the intervention (Day 13). |
It measures a participant's processing speed, selective attention and inhibitory control. The participant will be asked to read 'word' of the colored words or 'name of the color' of the colored words in separate trials. The main scores produced in this test are completion time and errors. The contrast score of the two trial's completion time means interference. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline performance on Fluency Test (Neuropsychological test) after the intervention (Day 13). |
This is a generative naming test. That measure how many words you can spontaneously speak within a limited time of words that fall into a specific category (e.g. animals, store goods, vegetables) or words starting with a letter (e.g. F • A • S or C·F·L). |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline performance on Trail Making Test (Neuropsychological test) after the intervention (Day 13). |
It consists of type A and type B trials. The participant should connect the numbers (1~25) as quickly as possible in Type A trial, and connect the numbers (1~13) and alphabets (A~L) alternatively as quickly as possible in type B trial. The main scores produced in this test are completion time and errors. Higher score means worse performance. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline performance on Digit Span Test (Neuropsychological test) after the intervention (Day 13). |
It measures auditory attention span and includes forward and backward trials. The participant listens to a series of numbers and calls the sequence correctly. The sequence increases in each trial. The final score is the longest number of sequential digits that the participant can remember correctly. The scores range from 3 to 8. The higher the score, the better the performance. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline performance on Auditory Verbal Learning test (Neuropsychological test) after the intervention (Day 13). |
It measures participant's verbal memory. The participant will hear 15 words and recall them immediately and after 20 minutes again. The main scores produced in this test are the numbers of recalled words of the immediate and delayed trials. Immediate memory score is the sum of 5 trial's correct response and score ranges between 0 and 60. Delayed memory score is the correct response of the delayed trial and the score range is 0 to 15. Higher score means better performance. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the intervention(Day 1 and 12)and after intervention completion(Day 12) |
It measures brain activity during cognitive tasks to see if cognitive training affects brain function. |
Baseline, during the intervention(Day 1 and 12), Through intervention completion(Day 12) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on Contrasting Program/Go-No-Go test after the intervention (Day 13). |
The Contrasting Program and go-no go test requires a subject to emit a simple motor response to one cue while inhibiting the response in the presence of another cue. This test has been effective in demonstrating impulsivity (elevated commission error rate) in elderly with attention deficit. |
Baseline, Day 13(After the intervention) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) after the intervention (Day 13). |
GDS is a 15-item self-report assessment used to identify depression in the elderly. A score of 0 to 5 is normal. A score greater than 5 suggests depression |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on health-related quality of life instrument with 20 items (HINT-20) after the intervention (Day 13). |
The total score of the HINT-20 is converted to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) after the intervention (Day 13). |
General self-efficacy (GSE), individuals'belief in their ability to perform well in a variety of situations. General self-efficacy (GSE) is the belief in one's competence to attempt difficult or novel tasks, and to cope with adversity arising from specific demanding situations. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on International Physical Activity Questionnaire after the intervention (Day 13). |
Physical Activity Questionnaire collects information on physical activity participation in three settings (or domains) as well as sedentary behaviour, comprising 16 questions. |
Baseline, After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
User Satisfaction Questionnaire after intervention. |
We evaluate the satisfaction questionnaire for each training. |
After the intervention (Day 13) |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline activity on smart band activity through intervention completion(Day 12). |
Each participant was given an smart band(number of steps count) and instructed to wear it on the wrist during waking hours until completion of the training program. This included both intervening training days (totaling 10). |
Baseline, through intervention completion(Day 12) |
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