Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Other |
Prevalence of substance use disorders among adolescents through final extraction |
ICD-10 substance use disorder diagnoses recorded in the EHR through final data extraction. Any substance use disorder will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through last extraction. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Other |
Prevalence of any psychiatric disorder (depression, anxiety, or conduct disorder) among adolescents through final extraction |
ICD-10 depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder diagnoses recorded in the EHR through final data extraction. Any substance use disorder will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through last extraction. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Other |
Prevalence of specialty substance use treatment services utilization by adolescents through final extraction |
Specialty substance use treatment services utilization data extracted from the EHR. Any utilization will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through study endpoint. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Other |
Prevalence of specialty mental health services utilization by adolescents through final extraction |
Specialty mental health services utilization data extracted from the EHR. Any utilization will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through study endpoint. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Other |
Prevalence of emergency department utilization by adolescents through final extraction |
Automated emergency department utilization data extracted from the EHR. Any utilization will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through study endpoint. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Other |
Prevalence of inpatient hospitalization utilization by adolescents through final extraction |
Automated inpatient hospitalization utilization data extracted from the EHR. Any utilization will be summarized at 12-month intervals beginning at baseline, through study endpoint. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Primary |
Incidence of adolescent substance use initiation (alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or marijuana) through last follow-up |
Substance use initiation by the study's endpoint will be operationalized by a dichotomous indicator of ever use (yes/no) of alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or marijuana formed from adolescent prospective self-reports about their lifetime use of these substances in each data collection wave. Substances will be assessed by separate items, e.g., "Have you ever used marijuana (by used we mean smoked, vaped, eaten, etc.)," "Have you ever used an e-cigarette or vaped ("Juul," "e-hookah," etc.)?" Lifetime use by last follow-up will be indicated by reported use of any of the substances in any wave. Lack of use will be indicated by no reported use of any of the substances in all waves. |
Final follow-up in year 5 of study |
|
Secondary |
Prevalence of any past-year substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, marijuana) by adolescents at final follow-up |
Past-year substance use at the study's endpoint will be assessed by a dichotomous indicator of past-year use (yes/no) of alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or marijuana formed from separate items asking participants to report how many times in the past year they have used alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana (e.g., "How many times in the past year have you used marijuana?"). Past-year use will be indicated by use of at least one of the substances at least once in the past year. No past-year use will be indicated by no reported use of any of the four substances in the past year. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Secondary |
Prevalence of any past-30-day substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, marijuana) by adolescents at final follow-up |
Past-30-day substance use at the study endpoint will be assessed by a dichotomous indicator of past-30-day use (yes/no) of alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or marijuana formed from separate items asking participants to report how many times in the past month they have used alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana (e.g., "On how many days (if any) have you used marijuana in the past 30 days?"). Past-30-day use will be indicated by use of at least one of the substances on at least one day in the past 30 days. No past-30-day use will be indicated by no reported use of any of the four substances in the past 30 days. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Secondary |
Incidence of antisocial behavior among adolescents through final follow-up |
Self-reported antisocial behavior by the study's endpoint will be assessed by a dichotomous indicator of lifetime participation in any antisocial behavior, measured by adolescent prospective reports at each wave of their participation in 7 behaviors (e.g., been suspended from school, stolen something worth more than $5, been arrested), each measured by a different item. Baseline assessment will ask participants whether they ever participated in these behaviors; subsequent assessments will ask about past-year participation. Lifetime antisocial behavior will be indicated by reported engagement in any of the 7 behaviors in any wave. Lack of antisocial behavior will be indicated by no engagement in any of the 7 behaviors in all waves. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Secondary |
Mean adolescent depression symptom score at final follow-up |
Self-reports of depressive symptoms at the study endpoint will be assessed via the PHQ-9. This 9-item scale asks respondents to report on their depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks (e.g., feeling down, depressed, irritable, or hopeless; feeling tired or having energy). Each item is scored 0=Not at all, 1=Several days, 2=More than half the days, 4=Nearly every day, yielding a total score between 0 and 36. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Secondary |
Mean adolescent anxiety symptom score at final follow-up |
Self-reports of anxiety symptoms at the study endpoint will be assessed via the GAD-7, a 7-item scale that asks respondents to report on their anxiety symptoms over the past 2 weeks (e.g., feeling nervous, anxious or on edge; Trouble relaxing). Each of the 7 items is scored 0=Not at all, 1=Several days, 2=More than half the days, 4=Nearly every day, yielding a total score between 0 and 28. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|
Secondary |
Prevalence of past-year antisocial behavior among adolescents at final follow-up |
Self-reported antisocial behavior at the study endpoint will be assessed by adolescent reports of their past-year participation in 7 behaviors (e.g., been suspended from school, stolen something worth more than $5, been arrested), each measured by a different item. Past-year antisocial behavior will be indicated by reported engagement in any of the 7 behaviors in any wave. Lack of past-year antisocial behavior will be indicated by no engagement in any of the 7 behaviors in the past year. |
3-year follow-up (cohort 1), 2-year follow-up (cohort 2) assessments |
|