Vulvar Cancer — Vulvar Cancer Individualized Scoring System (VCISS)
Citation(s)
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de Koning MN, Quint WG, Pirog EC Prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in different histologic subtypes of vulvar carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2008 Mar;21(3):334-44. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3801009. Epub 2008 Jan 11.
Madsen BS, Jensen HL, van den Brule AJ, Wohlfahrt J, Frisch M Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina--population-based case-control study in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 2008 Jun 15;122(12):2827-34. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23446.
Merlo S Modern treatment of vulvar cancer. Radiol Oncol. 2020 Sep 22;54(4):371-376. doi: 10.2478/raon-2020-0053.
Salvo G, Odetto D, Pareja R, Frumovitz M, Ramirez PT Revised 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) cervical cancer staging: A review of gaps and questions that remain. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020 Jun;30(6):873-878. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001257. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Shetty AS, Menias CO MR Imaging of Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017 Aug;25(3):481-502. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.013. Epub 2017 May 27.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
