VITAL SIGNS — Effect of Acupressure Therapy Applied to Nursing Students on Exam Anxiety and Vital Signs
Citation(s)
Kang YS, Choi SY, Ryu E The effectiveness of a stress coping program based on mindfulness meditation on the stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by nursing students in Korea. Nurse Educ Today. 2009 Jul;29(5):538-43. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.12.003. Epub 2009 Jan 13.
Lee E, Park JH Effect of Acupressure on Pre-Exam Anxiety in Nursing Students. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 Jul;29(5):158-163.
McFadden KL, Healy KM, Hoversten KP, Ito TA, Hernandez TD Efficacy of acupressure for non-pharmacological stress reduction in college students. Complement Ther Med. 2012 Aug;20(4):175-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.12.003. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
Suliman WA, Halabi J Critical thinking, self-esteem, and state anxiety of nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2007 Feb;27(2):162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2006.04.008. Epub 2006 Jul 20.
Effect of Acupressure Therapy Applied to Nursing Students on Exam Anxiety and Vital Signs: A Randomızed Controlled Experımental Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
