Virtual Reality — Virtual Reality in Imaging Review for Cancer Patients
Citation(s)
Fernsler JI, Cannon CA The whys of patient education. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1991 May;7(2):79-86.
Friedman AJ, Cosby R, Boyko S, Hatton-Bauer J, Turnbull G Effective teaching strategies and methods of delivery for patient education: a systematic review and practice guideline recommendations. J Cancer Educ. 2011 Mar;26(1):12-21. doi: 10.1007/s13187-010-0183-x. Review.
Gold DT, McClung B Approaches to patient education: emphasizing the long-term value of compliance and persistence. Am J Med. 2006 Apr;119(4 Suppl 1):S32-7. Review.
Hess CB, Chen AM Measuring psychosocial functioning in the radiation oncology clinic: a systematic review. Psychooncology. 2014 Aug;23(8):841-54. doi: 10.1002/pon.3521. Epub 2014 May 21. Review.
Johnson A, Sandford J Written and verbal information versus verbal information only for patients being discharged from acute hospital settings to home: systematic review. Health Educ Res. 2005 Aug;20(4):423-9. Epub 2004 Nov 30. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
