Botham KM, Bravo E, Elliott J, Wheeler-Jones CP Direct interaction of dietary lipids carried in chylomicron remnants with cells of the artery wall: implications for atherosclerosis development. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(28):3681-95. Review.
Burdge GC, Powell J, Dadd T, Talbot D, Civil J, Calder PC Acute consumption of fish oil improves postprandial VLDL profiles in healthy men aged 50-65 years. Br J Nutr. 2009 Jul;102(1):160-5. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508143550. Epub 2009 Jan 13.
Hall WL, Sanders KA, Sanders TA, Chowienczyk PJ A high-fat meal enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid reduces postprandial arterial stiffness measured by digital volume pulse analysis in healthy men. J Nutr. 2008 Feb;138(2):287-91.
Lambert MS, Botham KM, Mayes PA Modification of the fatty acid composition of dietary oils and fats on incorporation into chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants. Br J Nutr. 1996 Sep;76(3):435-45.
Proctor SD, Vine DF, Mamo JC Arterial retention of apolipoprotein B(48)- and B(100)-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002 Oct;13(5):461-70. Review.
Rontoyanni VG, Hall WL, Pombo-Rodrigues S, Appleton A, Chung R, Sanders TA A comparison of the changes in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance during exercise following high-fat meals containing DHA or EPA. Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug;108(3):492-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005721. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
Zampelas A, Peel AS, Gould BJ, Wright J, Williams CM Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series: effects on postprandial lipid and apolipoprotein levels in healthy men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994 Dec;48(12):842-8.
Unravelling the Mechanisms of Vascular Protection by n3-PUFAs to Optimise and Support Their Use as Bioactives by the Food Industry
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
