Vascular Surgical Procedure — Measurement Of NT-proBNP to Predict Outcomes in Surgery
Citation(s)
Augoustides J, Fleisher LA Advancing perioperative prediction of cardiac risk after vascular surgery: does postoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide do the trick? Anesthesiology. 2007 Jun;106(6):1080-2. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000267586.04132.65. No abstract available.
Yeh HM, Lau HP, Lin JM, Sun WZ, Wang MJ, Lai LP Preoperative plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a marker of cardiac risk in patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Br J Surg. 2005 Aug;92(8):1041-5. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4947.
Peri-operative Measurement of NT-proBNP to Predict Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Elective Vascular Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
