Vascular Diseases — Anthropometric and Psychosocial Measurements in Vascular Disease
Citation(s)
Dhana K, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Franco OH, Kavousi M Anthropometric measures in cardiovascular disease prediction: comparison of laboratory-based versus non-laboratory-based model. Heart. 2015 Mar;101(5):377-83. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306704. Epub 2014 Dec 11.
Venkatrao M, Nagarathna R, Patil SS, Singh A, Rajesh SK, Nagendra H A composite of BMI and waist circumference may be a better obesity metric in Indians with high risk for type 2 diabetes: An analysis of NMB-2017, a nationwide cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Mar;161:108037. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108037. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Zhu Q, Wang XB, Yao Y, Ning CX, Chen XP, Luan FX, Zhao YL Association between anthropometric measures and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Hainan centenarians: investigation based on the Centenarian's health study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018 May 2;18(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0810-8.
Association Between Anthropometric and Psychosocial Measurements in Vascular Disease
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
