Muzny CA, Schwebke JR Accuracy of Self-Report of Sexual Activity among Adolescent Girls: Implications for Interpretation of Vaginal Flora Patterns. MBio. 2015 Jun 23;6(3):e00819. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00819-15.
Muzny CA, Schwebke JR Biofilms: An Underappreciated Mechanism of Treatment Failure and Recurrence in Vaginal Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 15;61(4):601-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ353. Epub 2015 May 1. Review.
Muzny CA, Schwebke JR Editorial commentary: women who have sex with women: a unique population for studying the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Apr 1;60(7):1054-6. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu1132. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Muzny CA, Schwebke JR Gardnerella vaginalis: Still a Prime Suspect in the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013 Apr;15(2):130-5. doi: 10.1007/s11908-013-0318-4.
Muzny CA, Sunesara IR, Kumar R, Mena LA, Griswold ME, Martin DH, Lefkowitz EJ, Schwebke JR, Swiatlo E Characterization of the vaginal microbiota among sexual risk behavior groups of women with bacterial vaginosis. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 13;8(11):e80254. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080254. eCollection 2013. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2013;8(12). doi:10.1371/annotation/f7674ab1-fbd5-4293-ad2c-d1a795962e8b. Swiatlo, Edwin [added].
Olson KM, Boohaker LJ, Schwebke JR, Aslibekyan S, Muzny CA Comparisons of vaginal flora patterns among sexual behaviour groups of women: implications for the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis. Sex Health. 2018 Feb;15(1):61-67. doi: 10.1071/SH17087.
Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE Reply to Hickey and Forney. J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 15;210(10):1683-4. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu304. Epub 2014 May 22.
Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis. 2014 Aug 1;210(3):338-43. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu089. Epub 2014 Feb 7. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
