NCT01448291 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Cherpes TL, Marrazzo JM, Cosentino LA, Meyn LA, Murray PJ, Hillier SL
Hormonal contraceptive use modulates the local inflammatory response to bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Infect. 2008 Feb;84(1):57-61. Epub 2007 Oct 2.
Fan SR, Liu XP, Liao QP
Human defensins and cytokines in vaginal lavage fluid of women with bacterial vaginosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008 Oct;103(1):50-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.05.020. Epub 2008 Jul 16.
Iqbal SM, Kaul R
Mucosal innate immunity as a determinant of HIV susceptibility. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2008 Jan;59(1):44-54. Review.
John M, Keller MJ, Fam EH, Cheshenko N, Hogarty K, Kasowitz A, Wallenstein S, Carlucci MJ, Tuyama AC, Lu W, Klotman ME, Lehrer RI, Herold BC
Cervicovaginal secretions contribute to innate resistance to herpes simplex virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15;192(10):1731-40. Epub 2005 Oct 13.
Valore EV, Park CH, Igreti SL, Ganz T
Antimicrobial components of vaginal fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Sep;187(3):561-8.

The Effects of the Etonogestrel 0.12mg/Ethinyl Estradiol 0.015mg Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing®) on Vaginal Innate and Inflammatory Biomarkers

Clinical trial NCT01448291 - References