Chu DM, Ma J, Prince AL, Antony KM, Seferovic MD, Aagaard KM Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery. Nat Med. 2017 Mar;23(3):314-326. doi: 10.1038/nm.4272. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Chu DM, Seferovic M, Pace RM, Aagaard KM The microbiome in preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Oct;52:103-113. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Apr 9. Review.
Davis NM, Proctor DM, Holmes SP, Relman DA, Callahan BJ Simple statistical identification and removal of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics data. Microbiome. 2018 Dec 17;6(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0605-2.
Herbold CW, Pelikan C, Kuzyk O, Hausmann B, Angel R, Berry D, Loy A Corrigendum: A flexible and economical barcoding approach for highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing of diverse target genes. Front Microbiol. 2016 Jun 6;7:870. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00870. eCollection 2016.
Human Microbiome Project Consortium Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):207-14. doi: 10.1038/nature11234.
O'Hanlon DE, Moench TR, Cone RA In vaginal fluid, bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis can be suppressed with lactic acid but not hydrogen peroxide. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Jul 19;11:200. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-200.
Pruesse E, Peplies J, Glöckner FO SINA: accurate high-throughput multiple sequence alignment of ribosomal RNA genes. Bioinformatics. 2012 Jul 15;28(14):1823-9. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts252. Epub 2012 May 3.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.