Uveitis — Methotrexate and Mycophenolate Mofetil for UVEITIS
Citation(s)
Baltatzis S, Tufail F, Yu EN, Vredeveld CM, Foster CS Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of chronic ocular inflammatory disorders. Ophthalmology. 2003 May;110(5):1061-5. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00092-7.
Bom S, Zamiri P, Lightman S Use of methotrexate in the management of sight-threatening uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2001 Mar;9(1):35-40. doi: 10.1076/ocii.9.1.35.3983.
Dev S, McCallum RM, Jaffe GJ Methotrexate treatment for sarcoid-associated panuveitis. Ophthalmology. 1999 Jan;106(1):111-8. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90011-8.
Foeldvari I, Wierk A Methotrexate is an effective treatment for chronic uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Feb;32(2):362-5.
Siepmann K, Huber M, Stubiger N, Deuter C, Zierhut M Mycophenolate mofetil is a highly effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of uveitis : a retrospective analysis of 106 patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul;244(7):788-94. doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0066-8. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
Sobrin L, Christen W, Foster CS Mycophenolate mofetil after methotrexate failure or intolerance in the treatment of scleritis and uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2008 Aug;115(8):1416-21, 1421.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.011. Epub 2008 Jan 25.
Taylor SR, Habot-Wilner Z, Pacheco P, Lightman SL Intraocular methotrexate in the treatment of uveitis and uveitic cystoid macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2009 Apr;116(4):797-801. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.033.
Teoh SC, Hogan AC, Dick AD, Lee RW Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;146(5):752-60, 760.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.03.004. Epub 2008 May 2.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.