Uterine Cervical Neoplasms — Epidemiological Landscape of Cervical Cancer in Latin America
Citation(s)
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. Epub 2018 Sep 12. Erratum In: CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jul;70(4):313.
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Analytical Biological Services; Barretos Cancer Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope; Buck Institute for Research on Aging; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; Harvard Medical School; Helen F Graham Cancer Center &Research Institute at Christiana Care Health Services; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology; ILSbio, LLC; Indiana University School of Medicine; Institute of Human Virology; Institute for Systems Biology; International Genomics Consortium; Leidos Biomedical; Massachusetts General Hospital; McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University; Medical College of Wisconsin; Medical University of South Carolina; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Montefiore Medical Center; NantOmics; National Cancer Institute; National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute on Deafness &Other Communication Disorders; Ontario Tumour Bank, London Health Sciences Centre; Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Ontario Tumour Bank, The Ottawa Hospital; Oregon Health &Science University; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; SRA International; St Joseph's Candler Health System; Eli &Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology &Harvard University; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University; University of Bergen; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; University of Abuja Teaching Hospital; University of Alabama at Birmingham; University of California, Irvine; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Kansas Medical Center; University of Lausanne; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; University of Pittsburgh; University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir ao Preto Medical School; University of Southern California; University of Washington; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine &Public Health; Van Andel Research Institute; Washington University in St Louis. Integrated genomic and molecular characterization of cervical cancer. Nature. 2017 Mar 16;543(7645):378-384. doi: 10.1038/nature21386. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Nogueira-Rodrigues A HPV Vaccination in Latin America: Global Challenges and Feasible Solutions. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019 Jan;39:e45-e52. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_249695. Epub 2019 May 17.
Renna Junior NL, Silva GAE Temporal trend and associated factors to advanced stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer: analysis of data from hospital based cancer registries in Brazil, 2000-2012. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2018;27(2):e2017285. doi: 10.5123/s1679-49742018000200003. Epub 2018 May 7. English, Portuguese.
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Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
