NCT01220362 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Baldini G, Bagry H, Aprikian A, Carli F
Postoperative urinary retention: anesthetic and perioperative considerations. Anesthesiology. 2009 May;110(5):1139-57. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31819f7aea. Review.
Wuethrich PY, Kessler TM, Panicker JN, Curatolo M, Burkhard FC
Detrusor activity is impaired during thoracic epidural analgesia after open renal surgery. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jun;112(6):1345-9. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181d4f4fe.

Effects of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia and Surgery on Lower Urinary Tract Function: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Clinical trial NCT01220362 - References