Urinary Incontinence — Effects of Tanzberger Versus Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Urinary Incontinence
Citation(s)
Gonzalez Isaza P, Jaguszewska K, Cardona JL, Lukaszuk M Long-term effect of thermoablative fractional CO2 laser treatment as a novel approach to urinary incontinence management in women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Int Urogynecol J. 2018 Feb;29(2):211-215. doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3352-1. Epub 2017 May 18.
Vaughan CP, Markland AD Urinary Incontinence in Women. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Feb 4;172(3):ITC17-ITC32. doi: 10.7326/AITC202002040.
Effects of Tanzberger Versus Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in post_menopausal Females
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
