Bhasin TK, Brocksen S, Avchen RN, Van Naarden Braun K Prevalence of four developmental disabilities among children aged 8 years--Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1996 and 2000. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006 Jan 27;55(1):1-9. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 3;55(4):105-6.
Chen YP, Lee SY, Howard AM Effect of virtual reality on upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2014 Fall;26(3):289-300. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000046.
Green D, Wilson PH Use of virtual reality in rehabilitation of movement in children with hemiplegia--a multiple case study evaluation. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(7):593-604. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.613520. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
Pruksananonda C Cerebral Palsy. In: Prasongjean P, editor. Cerebral Palsy Disease. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Printing House; 2010. p. 1-3.
Samia Abdel Rahman, Abdel Rahman, Afaf A Shaheen. Virtual Reality Use in Motor Rehabilitation of Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research; 7 (1): 63-70.
The Engineer-built System, Video-game Based Kinect Sensor in Upper Extremities Problems in Cerebral Palsy Children
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
