Type 2 Diabetes — Comprehensive Informatics Framework for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Dissemination
Citation(s)
Brod M, Christensen T, Kongsø JH, Bushnell DM Examining and interpreting responsiveness of the Diabetes Medication Satisfaction measure. J Med Econ. 2009;12(4):309-16. doi: 10.3111/13696990903337017.
Finkelstein J, Lapshin O, Cha E Feasibility of promoting smoking cessation among methadone users using multimedia computer-assisted education. J Med Internet Res. 2008 Nov 3;10(5):e33. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1089.
Finkelstein J, Lapshin O, Wasserman E Randomized study of different anti-stigma media. Patient Educ Couns. 2008 May;71(2):204-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.002. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
Finkelstein J, Lapshin O Reducing depression stigma using a web-based program. Int J Med Inform. 2007 Oct;76(10):726-34. Epub 2006 Sep 20.
Huang JP, Chen HH, Yeh ML A comparison of diabetes learning with and without interactive multimedia to improve knowledge, control, and self-care among people with diabetes in Taiwan. Public Health Nurs. 2009 Jul-Aug;26(4):317-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00786.x.
Lapshin OV, Sharma K, Finkelstein J Depression education for primary care patients using a web-based program. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2005:1017.
Longo DR Understanding health information, communication, and information seeking of patients and consumers: a comprehensive and integrated model. Health Expect. 2005 Sep;8(3):189-94.
Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 May;10(5):348-54.
Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Med Care. 1986 Jan;24(1):67-74.
Osterberg L, Blaschke T Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 4;353(5):487-97. Review.
Tian Y, Robinson JD Incidental health information use and media complementarity: a comparison of senior and non-senior cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Jun;71(3):340-4. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.02.006. Epub 2008 Mar 26.
Zeger SL, Liang KY, Albert PS Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation approach. Biometrics. 1988 Dec;44(4):1049-60. Erratum in: Biometrics 1989 Mar;45(1):347.
Comprehensive Informatics Framework for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Dissemination
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
