Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus — Ginkgo Biloba Extract and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Citation(s)
George B Kudolo, Janet Blodgett. Effect of Ginkgo biloba ingestion on arachidonic acid metabolism in the platelets of type 2 diabetic subjects. International Scientific Conference on Complementary, Alternative & Integrative Medicine Research, April 12-14, 2002. (Journal Of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 3: 5. 2003)
George B Kudolo, Janet Blodgett. In vitro effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on collagen-induced aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelets from type 2 diabetic subjects. International Scientific Conference on Complementary, Alternative & Integrative Medicine Research, April 12-14, 2002. (Journal Of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 3: 5. 2003)
Kudolo GB, Dorsey S, Blodgett J Effect of the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on platelet aggregation and urinary prostanoid excretion in healthy and Type 2 diabetic subjects. Thromb Res. 2002 Nov 1;108(2-3):151-60.
Kudolo GB, Wang W, Barrientos J, Elrod R, Blodgett J The ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) inhibits arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in healthy volunteers. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(4):13-26.
Kudolo GB, Wang W, Dorsey S, Blodgett J Oral ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract reduces thiobarbituric acid reacting (TBAR) substances in washed platelets of healthy subjects. J Herb Pharmacother. 2003;3(4):1-15.
Kudolo GB Ginkgo biloba increases glucose-stimulated insulin production in diabetic subjects with pancreatic exhaustion. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2001; 7:S19.
Kudolo GB Ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract accelerates pancreatic function in normal and type II diabetic subjects. Clinical Chemistry 2000; 46 (Suppl) Abstract no. 434.
Kudolo GB Ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract significantly inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2001; 7:105.
Kudolo GB The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jun;41(6):600-11.
Kudolo GB The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in normal glucose tolerant individuals. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;40(6):647-54.
Wen Wang, Jessica Barrientos, Ryan Elrod, Ken Cusi, Janet Blodgett, George B Kudolo. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 production and leg blood flow in healthy subjects. First International Conference on Whole Person Healing Conference. Washington, DC, March 28-30, 2003.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
