Type 1 Diabetes — Additional Insulin for High Fat/Protein in Type 1 Diabetes
Citation(s)
American Diabetes Association 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S53-S72. doi: 10.2337/dc21-S005. Review.
Bell KJ, Smart CE, Steil GM, Brand-Miller JC, King B, Wolpert HA Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun;38(6):1008-15. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0100. Review.
Pankowska E, Blazik M, Groele L Does the fat-protein meal increase postprandial glucose level in type 1 diabetes patients on insulin pump: the conclusion of a randomized study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Jan;14(1):16-22. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0083. Epub
Pankowska E, Szypowska A, Lipka M, Szpotanska M, Blazik M, Groele L Application of novel dual wave meal bolus and its impact on glycated hemoglobin A1c level in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009 Aug;10(5):298-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00471.x. Epub 2008 Oct 20.
Smart CE, Annan F, Higgins LA, Jelleryd E, Lopez M, Acerini CL ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Oct;19 Suppl 27:136-154. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12738.
van der Hoogt M, van Dyk JC, Dolman RC, Pieters M Protein and fat meal content increase insulin requirement in children with type 1 diabetes - Role of duration of diabetes. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2017 Oct 10;10:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2017.10.002.
Wolever TM, Mullan YM Sugars and fat have different effects on postprandial glucose responses in normal and type 1 diabetic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Sep;21(9):719-25. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.12.005. Epub 2011 Feb 16.
Wolpert HA, Atakov-Castillo A, Smith SA, Steil GM Dietary fat acutely increases glucose concentrations and insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes: implications for carbohydrate-based bolus dose calculation and intensive diabetes management
The Effect of Fat - Protein Counting on Glycemic Variability in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
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Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
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Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
