Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus — Continuous Glucose Monitor in Children With Poorly Controlled Diabetes
Citation(s)
Bode BW, Gross TM, Thornton KR, Mastrototaro JJ Continuous glucose monitoring used to adjust diabetes therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin: a pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1999 Dec;46(3):183-90. Erratum in: Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000 Mar;47(3):225.
Boland E, Monsod T, Delucia M, Brandt CA, Fernando S, Tamborlane WV Limitations of conventional methods of self-monitoring of blood glucose: lessons learned from 3 days of continuous glucose sensing in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001 Nov;24(11):1858-62.
Borus JS, Laffel L Adherence challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: prevention and intervention. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010 Aug;22(4):405-11. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833a46a7. Review.
Chetty VT, Almulla A, Odueyungbo A, Thabane L The effect of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS) versus intermittent whole blood finger-stick glucose monitoring (SBGM) on hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) levels in Type I diabetic patients: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008 Jul;81(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.02.014. Epub 2008 Apr 15. Review.
Hood KK, Rohan JM, Peterson CM, Drotar D Interventions with adherence-promoting components in pediatric type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of their impact on glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul;33(7):1658-64. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2268.
Ludvigsson J, Hanas R Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: a controlled crossover study. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 1):933-8.
Ryan EA, Germsheid J Use of continuous glucose monitoring system in the management of severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009 Oct;11(10):635-9. doi: 10.1089/dia.2009.0042.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
