Traumatic Brain Injury — Antisecretory Factor In Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Citation(s)
Al-Olama M, Lange S, Lonnroth I, Gatzinsky K, Jennische E Uptake of the antisecretory factor peptide AF-16 in rat blood and cerebrospinal fluid and effects on elevated intracranial pressure. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015 Jan;157(1):129-37. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-2221-7. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
Clausen F, Hansson HA, Raud J, Marklund N Intranasal Administration of the Antisecretory Peptide AF-16 Reduces Edema and Improves Cognitive Function Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat. Front Neurol. 2017 Feb 14;8:39. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00039. eCollection 2017.
Johansson E, Al-Olama M, Hansson HA, Lange S, Jennische E Diet-induced antisecretory factor prevents intracranial hypertension in a dosage-dependent manner. Br J Nutr. 2013 Jun 28;109(12):2247-52. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512004552. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
Lange S, Lonnroth I The antisecretory factor: synthesis, anatomical and cellular distribution, and biological action in experimental and clinical studies. Int Rev Cytol. 2001;210:39-75. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(01)10003-3.
Lonnroth I, Oshalim M, Lange S, Johansson E Interaction of Proteasomes and Complement C3, Assay of Antisecretory Factor in Blood. J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2016;37(1):43-54. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1042544.
Evaluation of Antisecretory Factor in Treatment of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury With Multimodal Monitoring
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
