Traumatic Brain Injury — Effects of Rapid-Resisted Exercise and Bright Light Therapy on Ambulatory Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Citation(s)
Brown AW, Elovic EP, Kothari S, Flanagan SR, Kwasnica C Congenital and acquired brain injury. 1. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostication, innovative treatments, and prevention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Mar;89(3 Suppl 1):S3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.001.
Katz DI, White DK, Alexander MP, Klein RB Recovery of ambulation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jun;85(6):865-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.11.020.
Martin EM, Lu WC, Helmick K, French L, Warden DL Traumatic brain injuries sustained in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. J Trauma Nurs. 2008 Jul-Sep;15(3):94-9; quiz 100-1. doi: 10.1097/01.JTN.0000337149.29549.28.
Effects of Rapid-Resisted Exercise on Ambulatory Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
