Transplant Dysfunction — Prehabilitation in Patients on a Waiting List for a Transplant
Citation(s)
Arthur HM, Daniels C, McKelvie R, Hirsh J, Rush B Effect of a preoperative intervention on preoperative and postoperative outcomes in low-risk patients awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Aug 15;133(4):253-62. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00007.
Cuesta-Vargas AI, Adams N, Salazar JA, Belles A, Hazanas S, Arroyo-Morales M Deep water running and general practice in primary care for non-specific low back pain versus general practice alone: randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jul;31(7):1073-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-1977-5. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
Cuesta-Vargas AI, Heywood S Aerobic fitness testing in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a comparison of deep-water running with cycle ergometry. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Dec;90(12):1030-5. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318238a29c.
Levett DZ, Grocott MP Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, prehabilitation, and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Can J Anaesth. 2015 Feb;62(2):131-42. doi: 10.1007/s12630-014-0307-6. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Smith TB, Stonell C, Purkayastha S, Paraskevas P Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a risk assessment method in non cardio-pulmonary surgery: a systematic review. Anaesthesia. 2009 Aug;64(8):883-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05983.x.
Individualized Prehabilitation Program for Patients on a Waiting List for a Transplant.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
