Ivanova V, Chenchev I, Zlatev S, Mijiritsky E Correlation between Primary, Secondary Stability, Bone Density, Percentage of Vital Bone Formation and Implant Size. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 30;18(13). pii: 6994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136994.
Stacchi C, Vercellotti T, Torelli L, Furlan F, Di Lenarda R Changes in implant stability using different site preparation techniques: twist drills versus piezosurgery. A single-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Apr;15(2):188-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00341.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Trisi P, Berardini M, Falco A, Podaliri Vulpiani M New Osseodensification Implant Site Preparation Method to Increase Bone Density in Low-Density Bone: In Vivo Evaluation in Sheep. Implant Dent. 2016 Feb;25(1):24-31. doi: 10.1097/ID.0000000000000358.
Yeo IL Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces at the Micro- and Nano-Level for Enhanced Osseointegration. Materials (Basel). 2019 Dec 23;13(1). pii: E89. doi: 10.3390/ma13010089. Review.
Hybrid Funnel Technique vs Conventional Drill Osteotomy, a Novel Approach for Implant Site Preparation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
