Evins AE, Cather C, Laffer A Treatment of tobacco use disorders in smokers with serious mental illness: toward clinical best practices. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015 Mar-Apr;23(2):90-8. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000063. Review.
Glasheen C, Hedden SL, Forman-Hoffman VL, Colpe LJ Cigarette smoking behaviors among adults with serious mental illness in a nationally representative sample. Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Oct;24(10):776-80. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.07.009. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
Jensen AB, Hounsgaard L "I only smoke when I have nothing to do": a qualitative study on how smoking is part of everyday life in a Greenlandic village. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013 Aug 5;72. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21657. eCollection 2013.
Rae J, Pettey D, Aubry T, Stol J Factors affecting smoking cessation efforts of people with severe mental illness: a qualitative study. J Dual Diagn. 2015;11(1):42-9. doi: 10.1080/15504263.2014.992096.
Schroeder SA, Morris CD Confronting a neglected epidemic: tobacco cessation for persons with mental illnesses and substance abuse problems. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:297-314 1p following 314. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103701. Review.
Stead LF, Koilpillai P, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 24;3:CD008286. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub3. Review.
Twyman L, Bonevski B, Paul C, Bryant J Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature. BMJ Open. 2014 Dec 22;4(12):e006414. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006414. Review.
Uppal N, Shahab L, Britton J, Ratschen E The forgotten smoker: a qualitative study of attitudes towards smoking, quitting, and tobacco control policies among continuing smokers. BMC Public Health. 2013 May 3;13:432. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-432.
Comparative Tobacco Interventions for Individuals With Severe and Persisting Behavioral Health Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
