Cooper BC, Kleinberg I Establishment of a temporomandibular physiological state with neuromuscular orthosis treatment affects reduction of TMD symptoms in 313 patients. Cranio. 2008 Apr;26(2):104-17.
de Toledo EG Jr, Silva DP, de Toledo JA, Salgado IO The interrelationship between dentistry and physiotherapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012 Sep 1;13(5):579-83.
Di Fabio RP Physical therapy for patients with TMD: a descriptive study of treatment, disability, and health status. J Orofac Pain. 1998 Spring;12(2):124-35.
Heit T Neuromuscular orthotics in the treatment of craniomandibular dysfunction and the effects on patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Cranio. 2011 Jan;29(1):57-70.
List T, Axelsson S Management of TMD: evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Oral Rehabil. 2010 May;37(6):430-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02089.x. Epub 2010 Apr 20. Review.
Molin C From bite to mind: TMD--a personal and literature review. Int J Prosthodont. 1999 May-Jun;12(3):279-88. Review.
Pietropaoli D, Cooper BC, Ortu E, Monaco A; I A.P.N.O.R. A Device Improves Signs and Symptoms of TMD. Pain Res Manag. 2019 May 6;2019:5646143. doi: 10.1155/2019/5646143. eCollection 2019. Erratum in: Pain Res Manag. 2020 Apr 17;2020:9465080.
Starnes LO A bite orthotic for the resting period between two phases of treatment. J Clin Orthod. 2002 Feb;36(2):92-4.
Yamashita A, Kondo Y, Yamashita J Thirty-year follow-up of a TMD case treated based on the neuromuscular concept. Cranio. 2014 Jul;32(3):224-34. doi: 10.1179/0886963413Z.00000000020. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
Efficiency of Neuromuscular Bite vs Physiotherapy in TMD Patients BENEFIT Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
