Tinnitus — Treatment of Chronic Bothersome Tinnitus Using Cognitive Training and D-cycloserine
Citation(s)
Choi DC, Rothbaum BO, Gerardi M, Ressler KJ Pharmacological enhancement of behavioral therapy: focus on posttraumatic stress disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2010;2:279-99. Review.
Fisher M, Holland C, Merzenich MM, Vinogradov S Using neuroplasticity-based auditory training to improve verbal memory in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;166(7):805-11. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08050757. Epub 2009 May 15.
Ganasen KA, Ipser JC, Stein DJ Augmentation of cognitive behavioral therapy with pharmacotherapy. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;33(3):687-99. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.008. Review.
Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA General review of tinnitus: prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Oct;48(5):1204-35. Review.
Kaltenbach JA Neurophysiologic mechanisms of tinnitus. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000 Mar;11(3):125-37. Review.
Shargorodsky J, Curhan GC, Farwell WR Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults. Am J Med. 2010 Aug;123(8):711-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.02.015.
Siegmund A, Golfels F, Finck C, Halisch A, Räth D, Plag J, Ströhle A D-cycloserine does not improve but might slightly speed up the outcome of in-vivo exposure therapy in patients with severe agoraphobia and panic disorder in a randomized double blind clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 Aug;45(8):1042-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.01.020. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Smith GE, Housen P, Yaffe K, Ruff R, Kennison RF, Mahncke HW, Zelinski EM A cognitive training program based on principles of brain plasticity: results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity-based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT) study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Apr;57(4):594-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02167.x. Epub 2009 Feb 9.
Treatment of Chronic Bothersome Tinnitus Using Cognitive Training and D-cycloserine
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
