Thyroid Diseases — PaThERAS: ERAS Protocols in Thyroid & Parathyroid Surgery
Citation(s)
Chorath K, Luu N, Go BC, Moreira A, Rajasekaran K ERAS Protocols for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Mar;166(3):425-433. doi: 10.1177/01945998211019671. Epub 2021 Jun 15.
Khatiwada AS, Harris AS Use of pre-operative calcium and vitamin D supplementation to prevent post-operative hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: a systematic review. J Laryngol Otol. 2021 Jul;135(7):568-573. doi: 10.1017/S0022215121001523. Epub 2021 Jun 14.
Smith TW Jr, Wang X, Singer MA, Godellas CV, Vaince FT Enhanced recovery after surgery: A clinical review of implementation across multiple surgical subspecialties. Am J Surg. 2020 Mar;219(3):530-534. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.11.009. Epub 2019 Nov 16.
Xing T, Hu Y, Wang B, Zhu J Role of oral calcium supplementation alone or with vitamin D in preventing post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Feb;98(8):e14455. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014455.
PaThERAS Study- Application Of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
