Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) — Interest of Cervical Dilators in Second Trimester Termination of Pregnancy
Citation(s)
Gitz L, Morel O, Thiebaugeorges O, Sibiude J, Desfeux P, Barranger E [Termination of pregnancy and intra-uterine fetal death after 14 weeks of pregnancy: Which protocol for induction of labour in 2010?]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2011 Feb;40(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.11.007. Epub 2010 Dec 23. Review. French.
Jain JK, Mishell DR Jr A comparison of misoprostol with and without laminaria tents for induction of second-trimester abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Jul;175(1):173-7.
Mazouni C, Vejux N, Menard JP, Bruno A, Boubli L, d'Ercole C, Bretelle F Cervical preparation with laminaria tents improves induction-to-delivery interval in second- and third-trimester medical termination of pregnancy. Contraception. 2009 Jul;80(1):101-4. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.01.013. Epub 2009 Mar 4.
Pluchon M, Winer N [Misoprostol in case of termination of pregnancy in the second and third trimesters. Trials]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2014 Feb;43(2):162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.11.009. Epub 2014 Jan 16. Review. French.
Thong KJ, Baird DT A study of gemeprost alone, dilapan or mifepristone in combination with gemeprost for the termination of second trimester pregnancy. Contraception. 1992 Jul;46(1):11-7.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
