Teen Pregnancy Prevention — Effect of a Culturally-based Intervention on Sexual Risky Behavior Among Young American Indian Adolescents
Citation(s)
Kaufman CE, Litchfield A, Schupman E, Mitchell CM Circle of Life HIV/AIDS-prevention intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native youth. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res. 2012;19(1):140-53. doi: 10.5820/aian.1901.2012.140.
Kaufman CE, Whitesell NR, Keane EM, Desserich JA, Giago C, Sam A, Mitchell CM Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-preventive intervention for American Indian middle school youths: a group randomized trial in a Northern Plains tribe. Am J Public Health. 2014 Jun;104(6):e106-12. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301822. Epub 2014 Apr 22.
Teen Pregnancy Prevention Among Native Youth of the Northern Plains
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
