Syncope, Vasovagal — Cardioneuroablation for Reflex Syncope
Citation(s)
Aksu T, Golcuk E, Yalin K, Guler TE, Erden I Simplified Cardioneuroablation in the Treatment of Reflex Syncope, Functional AV Block, and Sinus Node Dysfunction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016 Jan;39(1):42-53. doi: 10.1111/pace.12756. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Piotrowski R, Baran J, Kulakowski P Cardioneuroablation using an anatomical approach: a new and promising method for the treatment of cardioinhibitory neurocardiogenic syncope. Kardiol Pol. 2018;76(12):1736-1738. doi: 10.5603/KP.a2018.0200. Epub 2018 Oct
Romme JJ, van Dijk N, Go-Schön IK, Reitsma JB, Wieling W Effectiveness of midodrine treatment in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope not responding to non-pharmacological treatment (STAND-trial). Europace. 2011 Nov;13(11):1639-47. doi: 10.1093/euro
Rose MS, Koshman ML, Spreng S, Sheldon R The relationship between health-related quality of life and frequency of spells in patients with syncope. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Dec;53(12):1209-16.
Tan MP, Newton JL, Chadwick TJ, Gray JC, Nath S, Parry SW Home orthostatic training in vasovagal syncope modifies autonomic tone: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Europace. 2010 Feb;12(2):240-6. doi: 10.1093/europace/eup368. Epub
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
