Swelling — Fast Track Recovery Knee Arthroplasty Project
Citation(s)
Adie S, Naylor JM, Harris IA Cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Arthroplasty. 2010 Aug;25(5):709-15. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Sep 2. Review.
Bade MJ, Kohrt WM, Stevens-Lapsley JE Outcomes before and after total knee arthroplasty compared to healthy adults. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Sep;40(9):559-67. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3317.
Herbold JA, Bonistall K, Walsh MB Rehabilitation following total knee replacement, total hip replacement, and hip fracture: a case-controlled comparison. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011 Oct-Dec;34(4):155-60. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0b013e318216db81.
Holmström A, Härdin BC Cryo/Cuff compared to epidural anesthesia after knee unicompartmental arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized and controlled study of 60 patients with a 6-week follow-up. J Arthroplasty. 2005 Apr;20(3):316-21.
Markert SE The use of cryotherapy after a total knee replacement: a literature review. Orthop Nurs. 2011 Jan-Feb;30(1):29-36. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0b013e318205749a. Review.
Sultan PG, Most E, Schule S, Li G, Rubash HE Optimizing flexion after total knee arthroplasty: advances in prosthetic design. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Nov;(416):167-73. Review.
Postoperative Cryotherapy: Fast Track Recovery Knee Arthroplasty Project
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
