Survivors of Childhood Cancer — Technological Gaming in Cancer Survivors (WINNERS)
Citation(s)
Alonso Puig M, Alonso-Prieto M, Miro J, Torres-Luna R, Plaza Lopez de Sabando D, Reinoso-Barbero F The Association Between Pain Relief Using Video Games and an Increase in Vagal Tone in Children With Cancer: Analytic Observational Study With a Quasi-Experimental Pre/Posttest Methodology. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Mar 30;22(3):e16013. doi: 10.2196/16013. Erratum In: J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 7;22(7):e19961.
Argyriou AA, Assimakopoulos K, Iconomou G, Giannakopoulou F, Kalofonos HP Either called "chemobrain" or "chemofog," the long-term chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in cancer survivors is real. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Jan;41(1):126-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.04.021. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Dovis S, Van der Oord S, Wiers RW, Prins PJ Improving executive functioning in children with ADHD: training multiple executive functions within the context of a computer game. a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 6;10(4):e0121651. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121651. eCollection 2015.
Gerbie MV Management of the adolescent girl exposed in utero to DES. Pediatr Ann. 1981 Dec;10(12):23-6.
Richlan F, Schubert J, Mayer R, Hutzler F, Kronbichler M Action video gaming and the brain: fMRI effects without behavioral effects in visual and verbal cognitive tasks. Brain Behav. 2017 Dec 16;8(1):e00877. doi: 10.1002/brb3.877. eCollection 2018 Jan.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
