Surgery — The Effectiveness of Two Nursing Programs on the Surgery-related Pressure Injury
Citation(s)
Ahmad B, Rubio-Sefati M, Yacob MM Incidence and risk factors for pressure injuries in patients who have undergone vascular operations: a scoping review. Eur J Med Res. 2023 Feb 13;28(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01036-3.
Chen HL, Chen XY, Wu J The incidence of pressure ulcers in surgical patients of the last 5 years: a systematic review. Wounds. 2012 Sep;24(9):234-41.
Donnelly J, Winder J, Kernohan WG, Stevenson M An RCT to determine the effect of a heel elevation device in pressure ulcer prevention post-hip fracture. J Wound Care. 2011 Jul;20(7):309-12, 314-8. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2011.20.7.309.
Feuchtinger J, de Bie R, Dassen T, Halfens R A 4-cm thermoactive viscoelastic foam pad on the operating room table to prevent pressure ulcer during cardiac surgery. J Clin Nurs. 2006 Feb;15(2):162-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01293.x.
Joseph J, McLaughlin D, Darian V, Hayes L, Siddiqui A Alternating Pressure Overlay for Prevention of Intraoperative Pressure Injury. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2019 Jan/Feb;46(1):13-17. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000497.
Nixon J, McElvenny D, Mason S, Brown J, Bond S A sequential randomised controlled trial comparing a dry visco-elastic polymer pad and standard operating table mattress in the prevention of post-operative pressure sores. Int J Nurs Stud. 1998 Aug;35(4):19
Sewchuk D, Padula C, Osborne E Prevention and early detection of pressure ulcers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. AORN J. 2006 Jul;84(1):75-96. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60100-2.
The Effectiveness of Two Nursing Programs on the Surgery-Related Pressure Injury in Surgery Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
