Surgery — Tranexamic Acid in Rhinoplasty: Perioperative Bleeding, Edema and Ecchymosis
Citation(s)
Avci H The Effect of Different Dose Regimens of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss in Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Jul-Aug 01;32(5):e442-e444. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007247.
Jouybar R, Nemati M, Asmarian N Comparison of the effects of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on surgeon satisfaction with surgical field visualization and intraoperative bleeding during rhinoplasty. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 Jan 14;22(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12871-021-01546-9.
Locketz GD, Lozada KN, Bloom JD Tranexamic Acid in Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Evidence, Applications, and Outcomes. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2020 Jun 14;2(3):ojaa029. doi: 10.1093/asjof/ojaa029. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Zaman SU, Zakir I, Faraz Q, Akhtar S, Nawaz A, Adeel M Effect of single-dose intravenous tranexamic acid on postoperative nasal bleed in septoplasty. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2019 Nov;136(6):435-438. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.10.019. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
Tranexamic Acid in Rhinoplasty: Perioperative Bleeding, Edema and Ecchymosis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
