Surgery — Intravenous vs Oral Acetaminophen in Postoperative Hip Fracture Adult Patients
Citation(s)
Chen DX, Yang L, Ding L, Li SY, Qi YN, Li Q Perioperative outcomes in geriatric patients undergoing hip fracture surgery with different anesthesia techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Dec;98(49):e18220. doi: 10.10
Harris MJ, Brovman EY, Urman RD Clinical predictors of postoperative delirium, functional status, and mortality in geriatric patients undergoing non-elective surgery for hip fracture. J Clin Anesth. 2019 Dec;58:61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.05.010.
Jahr JS, Breitmeyer JB, Pan C, Royal MA, Ang RY Safety and efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen in the elderly after major orthopedic surgery: subset data analysis from 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Ther. 2012 Mar;19(2):66-75. doi: 10.1
INTACT-HIP: INTravenous Acetaminophen vs. Oral Randomized Controlled Trial in HIP Fracture Patients - a Feasibility Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
