Surgery — Sprix for Postoperative Pain Control Following Gynecologic Surgery
Citation(s)
Moodie JE, Brown CR, Bisley EJ, Weber HU, Bynum L The safety and analgesic efficacy of intranasal ketorolac in patients with postoperative pain. Anesth Analg. 2008 Dec;107(6):2025-31. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318188b736. Erratum in: Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):991. Dosage error in published abstract; MEDLINE/PubMed abstract corrected; Dosage error in article text.
Pergolizzi JV Jr, Taylor R Jr, Raffa RB Intranasal ketorolac as part of a multimodal approach to postoperative pain. Pain Pract. 2015 Apr;15(4):378-88. doi: 10.1111/papr.12239. Epub 2014 Aug 28. Review.
Singla N, Singla S, Minkowitz HS, Moodie J, Brown C Intranasal ketorolac for acute postoperative pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Aug;26(8):1915-23. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.495564. Erratum in: Curr Med Res Opin. 2012 Jun;28(6):1052.
Can Intranasal Ketorolac Tromethamine Prescribed Postoperatively After Major Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Reduce Consumption of Prescribed Narcotics?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
